Unit 1
page 15
1Possible answer: Many people think it is better to
see animal's in the wild because they can then be appreciated in their natural habitat. However, seeing animals in a zoo means that people who cannot travel can still see animals from other parts of the world
2 Answers will vary.
3 Possible answer: Many regions rely on animals for heavy work, such as pulling ploughs or transporting goods or people. Animals can provide materials such as wool and leather Animals also provide meat and dairy produce such as milk and cheese.
4 Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 16
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2 page 16
Possible answers:
1to get food 2They help/protect each other 3They both eat fish so live in similar places.
Exercise 3 page 17
a4 b1 c5 d2 e3
Exercise 4 page 171
T
2 F: The dolphins push the fish onto the shore
3F:When the fish are out of the water. the dolphins start eating.
4 F;The dolphins always use their right sides to push the hsh.5 DNS
Exercise 5 page 17
Answers will vary
Exercise1page 18
1endangered 2species 3chemicals 4pollute 5destroys 6due to 7natural 8 protect
Exercise 2 page 18
An endangered species is a species that may soon not exist because there are very few left alive. An extinct species is one that no longer exists. Possible answers:
endangered species: giant panda, Chinese alligator,Indian elephant, white rhinoceros, sea turtle
Extinct species: Tyrannosaurus rex, woolly mammoth, dodo Caspian tiger, sabre tooth tiger, woolly rhinoceros
Exercise 3 page 19
Added to endangered species column: Arabian oryx, some seal species, tigers, crocodiles, whales, tuna, sharks
Exercise 4 page 20
a3 b1 c4 d2
Exercise 5 page 20
1humans/ human activities
2Their habitats are destroyed.
3for food: for fur to make coats and skin to make bags and shoes, for sport, to make medicines and teas from their bones
4whales. tuna and sharks
5We can try not to pollute natural areas and refuse to buy products made from animals.
6Govermments can make it against the law to hunt, fish, or trade in endangered species.
7animal sanctuaries and zoos
Exercise 6 page 20
1face a financial penalty
2refusing to buy
3against the law:
4provide funding for
5cooperate by taking these steps
Exercise 7 page 21
1Possible answers: perfume, fur coats, leather gloves
bags, some glues and fabric softeners
2 Answers will vary.
Exercise1 page 21
1common 2fatal 3disease 4cruel 5majon 6survive 7native 8introduce
Exercise 2 page 21
1(red and grey) squirrels 2Answers will vary
Exercise 3 page 22
1An invasive species is a plant or animal that arrives in an
area where it is not native.
2Grey squirrels were introduced from North America by people who wanted them as a fashionable addition to the grounds of their homes.
3Red and grey squirrels both have long tails, large eyes,
small ears and powerful back legs.
4Red squirrels are smaller and lighter than grey squirrels5 The reasons stated for the success of the grey squirrels.
in the UK are:
They are better able to store fat, which helps them survive hard winters.
They spend more time on the ground, so are not as badly affected by the loss of woodland habits as red squirrels. They are more intelligent and better able to adapt to new situations, e.g. they can use food provided by humans. They carry parapoxvirus but are not affected by it, while it is fatal to red squirrels.
Exercise 4 page 22
1grey 2fewer 3fatter 4able 5kills6pest7 few8aren't
Exercise 5 page 22 Possible answers:
1 in ships; in wood products; in garden plants or food
produce; via the pet trade; by illegal animal trading
2 Because they damage trees, they eat humans' food and
they carry a virus that kills red squirrels.
3 Perhaps because they are the only native squirrel species in the UK and people don't want to lose it.
4 Because it is an island. and the sea acts as a natural defence against invasive species.
Exercise 6 page 24
1Possible answers. habitat destruction, disease. Climate
2-4 Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 24
a cooperate b affect c release d survive e contrast f attach
Exercise 2 page 25
1weaker than 2healthier than 3more successful than 4more endangered than
Exercise 1 page 26
Possible answers.
red squirrels: red in colour; only 140,000 left; not seen as pests.protected smaller and lighter; shorter tail; store less fat so more likely to die in winter; live high up in trees;less intelligent so can't survive as well; in an urban environment can't eat human food can die from parapoxvirus both: live in Britain; long tail, large eyes, small ears, powerful back legs; can carry parapoxvirus
grey squirrels: grey in colour; very common; seen as pests. can be trapped and destroyed:larger and heavier longer tail: store more fat. so survive winter more easily spend most of their time on the ground; more intelligent. so can survive better; in an urban environment. can eat human food, don't die from parapoxvirus.
Exercise 2 page 26
Answers will vary
Exercise 3 page 27
Possible answers:
1The whale shark is larger/longer than the tiger shark.2The sharks have a different colour on their backs and sides, but they both have a white stomach
3The tiger shark has stripes on its back, but the whale shark has spots.
4The whale shark has a larger mouth than the tiger shark5 Both sharks have the same number of fins. but the whale shark has a longer tail and larger fins.
Exercise 4 page 27
1T 2W 3T 4W 5W 6T
Exercise 5 page 28
Possible answers:
whale shark: grey-blue in colour with white stomach and white spots: longer (5.5-10 m): longer tail and wider fins: heavier 18 tonnes! eats plankton. krill and other small animal s:currently endangered ;no recorded attacks on humans
both: chondrichthyes (fish): live in the ocean
tiger shark: grey-brown in colour with white stomach and darker grey-brown stripes; shorter (3-4.2 ml; shorter tail and fins; lighter(0.86 tonnes); eats tuna. dolphins and turtles; not at risk of extinction: many reports of attacks on humans
Exercise 1 page 29
1The tiger shark lives in tropical oceans.
2However, the whale shark isn't dangerous
3The tiger shark has markings on its skin.
4 The whale shark has a large mouth and eats plankton.
Exercise 2 page 29
1The whale shark is grey-blue and has light spots on its body.
2The tiger shark is grey-brown and has a striped pattern on its body.
3The tiger shark eats large sea creatures and can be
dangerous to humans.
4The whale shark is not aggressive or dangerous to swim with.
5The whale shark is an endangered and (a) protected species.
Exercise 3 page 30
Possible answers:
1The whale shark is grey-blue and has light spots on its body, but/whereas the tiger shark is grey-brown and has a striped pattern on its body.
2The tiger shark eats large sea creatures and can be
dangerous to humans, but/whereas the whale shark is not aggressive or dangerous to swim with.
3The tiger shark is not an endangered or protected
species. but/whereas the whale shark is an endangered and protected species).
Exercise 4 page 30
Possible answers:
1 Both the red (squirrel) and the grey squirrel have long tails./ Both red (squirrels) and grey squirrels have long tails.
2 Neither the red (squirrel) nor the grey squirrel live on the Isle of Man. / Neither red (squirrels) nor grey squirrels live on the lsle of Man.
3 Neither the grey nor the red squirrel is an endangered species.
4 Both red (squirrels) and grey squirrels live in forests.
Exercise 1 page 31
1b.c 2a 3Each paragraph has between one and seven supporting sentences, which differ in length. This suggests that there is no 'correct’ number of sentences in a paragraph.
Exercise 2 page 32
1b,c 2a,b
Exercises 1-6 pages 33-34
Answers will vary.
CLASSROOM APP
Exercise1
Answers will vary.
Exercise2
1common 2destroy 3disease4cruel 5fatal6native 7polluted 8protect
Exercise 3
Answers will vary.
Exercise 4
1cooperate 2attached 3affects 4contrast5 release 6survive
Exercise 5
1On average, donkeys are shorter than horses.
2Because they are bigger, horses are heavier than donkeys.
3Donkeys are usually less nervous than horses.
4Horses are less curious than donkeys.
5As sport animals, horses are more popular than donkeys
Exercise 6
1and 2neither 3but 4but 5both 6or 7Both 8nor
Unit 2
page 37
1 This is the Aral Sea in Central Asia. It was once one of
the world's four largest freshwater lakes. It’s size has declined significantly since the 1960s. Diverting the rivers which feed it for irrigation projects has been stated as the main cause.
2-4 Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 38
1 Aurora Borealis (the Northern Lights), Grand Canyon, Great Barrier Reef. Harbour of Rio de Janeiro. Mount Everest, Paricutin: Victoria Falls.
2-3 Answers will vary
Exercise 2 page 38
Possible answers:
1 They are all in the United States.
2 Millions of years old (the rocks are almost two billion years old).
3 The landscapes were all formed by water, sometimes in the form of glaciers.
Exercise 3 page 39
a3 b4 c5 d1 e2 f6
Exercise 4 page 39
1b 2b 3c 4b 5a
Exercise 5 page 39
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 40
a greenhouse gas b cause c atmosphered climatee global warming f threaten g ecosystem h fossil fuels
Exercise 2 page 40
1It has melted. 2It is likely to be global warming 3The Arctic. the Alps, Alaska and other mountain areas around the world. 4Sea levels will rise and many coastal areas will be underwater.
Exercise 3 page 42
solution to the problem 4; changing ecosystems 2; melting glaciers 1; causes of climate change 3
Exercise 4 page 42
1 global temperatures 2extinction 3 Sea levels4 mangrove forests 5 coral reefs 6 farming7 co, levels
Exercise 5 page 43
1 Argentina 2 Northwest Passage 3 to provide land for growing food 4asthma 5 greenhouse gases (such as methane and carbon dioxide)6 cutting down trees7 stop burning fossil fuels, start using renewable energy
Exercise 6 page 43
1a 2b
Exercise 7 page 43
Answers will vary.
Exercise 8 page 43
Possible answers:
1 An increase in land for farming; new transport routes;
increased fresh water: melt water can be used for hydroelectric power.
2 The start-up costs can be expensive; some people say that things like solar panels and wind turbines are ugly some renewable energy sources aren't suitable for certain countries.
Exercise 1 page 44
Possible answers:
1 They release oxygen into the atmosphere, provide shade and are home to many species of animals.
2 People cut down trees to clear land for farming or to provide wood for building.
3 The Earth's temperature will rise, erosion will cause dust
storms and floods, animals will lose their habitats.
Exercise 2 page 44
1absorb 2 Farming 3Logging 4rainforest5 construction6effects 7destruction
Exercise 3 page 46
1deforestation 2effects 3animals 4crops 5decade 6erosion 7warming 8habitats 9protected 10environment
Exercise 4 page 46
1olive palm 2ten years two or three years 32.525 times 4 protects destroys 5oxygen carbon dioxide 6Small-scale Large-scale
Exercise 5 page 46
Possible answers:
1logging and farming that are done on a large scale by giant corporations
2The Earth's climate will become much warmer and thousands of plants and animals will become extinct
3Many of the foods we eat and medicines we use come from forests.
Exercise 6 page 47
Possible answers:
1Low-lying islands, cities near coastlines and places with
more rain and storms will have too much water. Places that are normally dry, such as Australia and certain African countries will become even drier.
2 As the glaciers and forests disappear, the animals that
live there lose their habitat and/or food sources and they die out.
Exercise 1 page 47
1issue 2predict 3consequences 4trend 5areas 6annual 7 challenge 8contributes to
Exercise 2 page 48
Possible alternatives in brackets (Note: these will not be appropriate for Exercise 3):
carbon dioxide; climate change; environmental group
environmental change: greenhouse gas; natural resource(natural gas): power plant; tropical rainforest
Exercise 3 page 48
1power plant 2greenhouse gases 3climate change 4carbon dioxide 5environmental groups 6natural resource 7tropical rain forests
Exercise 1 page 49
Exercise 2 page 50
4 global warming 1less rain5forests dry out 3fires 2more CO2, emissions
Exercise 3 page 50
Possible answers:
Exercise 4 page 50
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 51
2causes/results in
3caused by/due to/the result of
4caused by/due to/the result of
Exercise 2 page 51
1results 2due 3leads to/causes/ results in 4caused 5result 6 result
Exercise 3 page 52
1because of 2because 3because of 4because
Exercise 1 page 52
Main idea: Plastic water bottles hurt both people and the environment.
Cross out: In the 1970s, the United States was the world's biggest exporter of fossil fuels.
Exercise 2 page 53
1 Supporting sentences: Plastic bottles contain two
harmful chemicals: BPA and phthalates: Plastic bottles hurt the environment.
2 Both types of chemicals cause serious health problems for adults and children. This is a fact.
3 Transporting bottles requires an enormous amount of polluting fossil fuels.(Fact)
Most plastic bottles are not recycled, and end up in our landfills.(Fact)
Plastic bottles take many decades to break down.(Fact)
Exercise 3 page 54
1lakes 2trees 3climate change 4Africa,Asia and the Middle East 5the Gobi Desert 6northern Lebanon 7peas and beans8placing stones
Exercises 1-9, pages 55-56
Answers will vary.
CLASSROOM APP
Exercise1
Answers will vary.
Exercise2
1climate 2construction 3absorb 4destruction 5 atmosphere 6cause 7threaten 8farming
Exercise 3
Answers will vary.
Exercise 4
1issue 2annual 3contribute to 4trend 5challenge 6consequences
Exercise 5
1dioxide 2resources 3plant 4gases 5rainforest 6change
Exercise 6
1The pyramid stands approximately 147 metres tall and is the only one of the Seven Wonders which hasn't been destroyed.: Archeologists believe it was completed around 2,560 BCE.
2Traditional Indian cooking includes flowers such as hibiscus, roses and jasmine. as well as the flowers of banana trees, cucumber and pumpkin plants.; Dried lily flowers are used in Chinese cooking to increase the flavour of vegetarian dishes, soups and stews.
3A number of words of Arabic origin relate to mathematics, including algorithm and algebra.; The15th-century Arabic word qahwa is pronounced coffee in English-speaking countries today.
Unit 3
Exercise 1 page 60
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2 page 60
Possible answers:
1 The plane could be from the 1960s or 1970s. when the frst jumbo jets flew. In fact, this is the first jumbo jet, from 1969.
2 First-class passengers would have used the lounge in the third photo.
3 First class has more leg room, bigger seats, better food
and personalized service.
Exercise 3 page 60
1flew 2helped 3worked 4had 5changed
Exercise 4 page 61
1b 2c 3a 4a 5a
Exercise 5 page 61
Answers will vary.
Exercise 6 page 61
Possible answers:
1 advantage: convenient; disadvantage: contributes to pollution
2 advantage: environmentally friendly; disadvantage high ticket prices in some countries, e.g. the UK
3 advantage: cheap; disadvantage: slow
4 advantage: good exercise; disadvantage: can be dangerous
5 advantage: fun; disadvantage: only useful for sea crossings, nothing else
Exercise 1 page 62
1 The problem is that there is too much traffic on the road, which causes noise and air pollution and leads to delays.
2 The vehicle in the second photo is a kind of electric car.It could be a solution because it would be quieter and cause less pollution than cars now.The photo was taken in a modern, technologically advanced city, in this case Masdar City in Abu Dhabi.
3In photo1there is a lot of noise and air pollution as well
as long delays, whereas in photo 2the transport is quiet and clean, while delays might also be less of a problem.
Exercise 2 page 63
1public transport 2outskirts 3 rail 4 Traffic
congestion5destination 6commuter 7connect
Exercise 3 page 63
1a wall around the city and narrow streets
2A transport system called Personal Rapid Transit.It
involves using driverless vehicles called 'podcars', which run on solar energy and carry commuter passengers to stations around the city.
3an underground rail system; a light rail transit system;
and electric cars and buses
4 It reduced the money available for the project
Exercise 4 page 65
1traffic congestion 2 45minutes 3 solar power 4 not allowed 5 24 billion 6 50.000:40,000
Exercise 5 page 65
Possible answers:
1An expanding economy means more people have more
money for healthcare, education, travel and other lifestyle improvements.
A rising population means there are more people to work and help build the economy.
2 As it is a brand new city. there may not be much
sense of community. At first, it may also lack facilities which you would expect in a normal city, e.g. schools hospitals. etc. so people will have to travel to Abu Dhabi. With all the technology and the convenience of getting into Abu Dhabi, property prices may be very high, meaning ordinary people cannot live there.If it doesn't prove a popular place to live, it may turn into the 'green ghost town' people fear.
3Perhaps not, because changes in technology have made it easier and cheaper for residents to use their own electric vehicles.
Exercise 6 page 65
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 66
1cycle 2practical 3fuel 4government 5engineering 6vehicles 7emergency
Exercise 2 page 66
1public transport-ferry, city bicycle hire, underground train
2 Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 68
b
Exercise 4 page 68
stress on drivers (and wasted time); economic losses; blocked access for emergency services, and negative effects on the environment - fuel waste and pollution
Exercise 5 page 68
1tunnels2travel 3result 4fue l5jobs 6health 7traffic 8bus 9congestion/traffic 10night
Exercise 6 page 68
Answers will vary.
Exercise 7 page 68
Possible answers:
1high blood pressure, insomnia, trouble concentrating
2People might not re-elect the politicians who approved the tax.
3The bus stop might not be close to their home or work. They might have to wait a long time for the bus to arrive
Exercise 8 page 69
1 Possible answer: Yes, lots of cities have problems with long commute times, traffic congestion, pollution, etc.
2 Possible answer: The solutions probably wouldn't
work in other, bigger cities because those big cities are already built, whereas Masdar City is a new city.
3 Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 69
1c 2a 3d 4g 5e 6f 7b
Exercise 2 page 69
1Rush hour 2public transport 3 road rage 4 parking restrictions 5Trafhc congestion 6 car share7 cycle lane
Exercise 3 page 70
1require 2attempt 3produce 4 reduce 5 waste6 consider 7 convince
Exercise 4 page 71
1use bicycles to travel short distances
2Using bicycles to travel short distances
3build more high-speed railways between cities
4Building more high-speed railways between cities
5consider new ways of reducing traffic congestion6 Considering new ways of reducing traffic congestion
Exercise 5 page 71
1we should 2is a good idea 3we should 4It is important 5we should 6is a good idea
Exercise 1 page 72
Possible answers:
Exercise 2 page 73
Possible answers: Only one road connecting people's homes to their schools or places of work; morning rush hour will be very busy because schools are also starting no train service - only buses, which use the same road: traffic lights may cause congestion; high-temperatures in the desert may lead to road rage; fuel is expensive.
Exercise 3 page 73
Possible answers:
problem: There is only a single two-lane motorway joining the residential area to the area of schools and
offices.This means there is traffic congestion, especially at rush hour.
goal(s): To stop traffic congestion in the city
Exercise 4 page 74
Possible answers:
Exercise 1 page 75
1If we move the offices and schools next to the houses. we will have fewer traffic problems. / We will have fewer traffic problems if we move the offices and schools next to the houses.
2If we have a ferry over the river, fewer people will use the bridge./ Fewer people will use the bridge if we have a ferry over the river.
3 Fewer cars will use the roads if we increase the price of fuel./ If we increase the price of fuel, fewer cars will use the roads.
4 If we change the office hours, cars won't all use the road at the same time./ Cars won't all use the road at the same time if we change the office hours.
5If we build a railway line, people will be able to use the train instead of their cars./ People will be able to use the train instead of their cars if we build a railway line
Exercise 2 page 75
Possible answers:
2 Pollution won't be reduced unless we use cleaner transport.
3 If we don't provide a solution, people won't get to
work on time.
4 We won't solve the traffic problem unless we build
houses closer to the business areas.
5 If the city doesn't invest in public transport, there won't be less congestion.
Exercise 1 page 76
Paragraph 1: b; Paragraph 2: a
Exercises 1-7 pages 77-78
Answers will vary.
Classroom App
Exercise1
Answers will vary.
Exercise2
1destination 2outskirts 3cycle 4fuel 5emergency 6practical 7 public transport 8connects
Exercise 3
Answers will vary.
Exercise 4
1congestion 2transport 3lane 4hour 5share 6rage 7restrictions
Exercise 5
1prevent 2convince 3waste 4attempt 5consider 6requires
Exercise 6
1go, will find
2don't close, will escape; is going to escape
3will continue, decides
4will meet, finish don't feel
5finds, will be, will move; move
6will buy, don't save
Unit 4
Page 81
1This photo was taken in a Southeast Asian country, in this case Thailand.It is a floating market where people buy and sell daily goods, such as fruit and vegetables, from their boats.
2-3 Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 82
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2 page 82
The activities which appear in the video are giving
presents, wearing traditional clothes, taking photos and taking part in a ceremony.
Exercise 3 page 83
The modern celebration involves giving gifts (of flowers and perfume). The traditional celebration involved the young people arranging their hair in a special way (for women, wearing a hair pin and a wooden crown: for men wearing a special hat). wearing traditional clothes and taking part in a ceremony with their parents.
Exercise 4 page 83
1 day 2 20 3 meaning 4 1,000 5 (Young)women 6 net 7 hat 8 brightly-coloured/formal 9 parents 10 proud
Exercise 5 page 83
1ornament 2bow 3bamboo 4crown 5jade 6topknot
Exercise 6 page 83
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 84
1cultures 2exchange 3expect 4greet 5formal 6appearance 7relationship
Exercises 2-3 page 85
Answers will vary.
Exercise 4 page 85
Answers will vary.
Exercise 5 page 85
e
Exercise 6 page 87
1kiss 2shake hands with 3shake hands 4bowing 5the oldest 6women 7men 8 house/home 9refuse 10 token of your appreciation 11necessary 12chocolate, coffee or date 13gift 14 both hands 15immediately read it carefully 16start 17family
18 health 19well 20formally 21formal 22at least thirty minutes late 23early 24on time
Exercise 7 page 87
Possible answers:
1They might think you are trying to bribe them or 'buy a favour.
2Brazilians are accustomed to touching, so they might be offended if you move away.
3Hierarchy is important in Japanese culture
4Hierarchy is important to Saudis.
5People become offended and relationships could suffer or possibly end.
Exercise 8 page 88
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 88
1ceremony 2generations 3beliefs 4preserve 5tradition 6endangered 7protection
Exercise 2 page 89
1Answers will vary. 2 In the first photo. the women are dressed in diving suits. They are from South Korea and have been fishing. in the second photo a Middle Eastern man has a falcon sitting on his arm. Perhaps he has trained the bird to hunt.
Exercise 3 page 89
Answers will vary.
Exercise 4 page 89
a2 b5 c4 d1 e3
Exercise 5 page 89
a
Exercise 6 page 89
120032008 2 intangible tangible 3all year round 90 days of the year 4Many Fewer 5enly in the United Arab Emirates around the world
Exercise 7 page 91
Possible answers:
1Tangible culture refers to actual places, buildings, objects, etc. for example the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia or the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt. Intangible culture relates to living customs and traditional practice for example the culture of the women divers of Jeju Island in South Korea.
2 Because fewer young people are interested in
continuing them; because growth of cities and loss of natural habitats affects their practice.
3 To save or preserve customs and traditions that may otherwise die out.
4 Yes;she says its efforts are valuable, and that at the end we 'must never stop trying to preserve our intangible cultural heritage.
Exercise 8 page 91
Possible answers:
1Yes,although this will might be difficult with increasing globalization happening
2 Those which younger people want to continue may be the ones which will survive.
3 Countries need to promote their cultural practices, especially to the younger generation.
Exercise 1 page 92
1 We tend to tip the waiter in restaurants.
2 Brazilian culture tends to be informal.
3 Expensive gifts can look suspicious.
4 Common hand gestures like waving can be
misunderstood in a different culture.
5 In the Middle East, many old people live with their children.
Exercise 2 page 93
1 Brazilian men usually shake hands, though it is not
unusual for men to kiss each other on the cheek.
2 Saudi men often wear traditional clothing, even to business meetings.
3 Professionals sometimes get upset if you don't use their correct title.
4 Cultural knowledge is frequently helpful in business situations.
5 In Japan, you should always arrive on time for an appointment.
Exercise 3 page 93
1brief 2serious 3separate 4certain 5important6 obvious 7common
Exercises 1-2 pages 94-95
My response' column will vary. Possible answers
main ideadetails
Exercise 2 page 95
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 96
1c 2a 3b
Exercise 2 page 96
Possible answers:
1In today's rapidly-developing world, many of us see
the importance of saving our diverse cultural heritage
2Due to our cities expanding and our loss of natural
environments, falconry is unfortunately now under threat.
3 According to Barker (2018), it may be too late to save
our unique and varied cultural heritage. because not as many young people want to learn about ancient customs and practices.
Exercise 3 page 96
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 pages 97-98 Possible answers:
1In the article 'Customs around the world, author Andy
Schmidt (2018) says it is important for travelers to
learn about the customs of other countries, in order to prevent cultural misunderstandings in the places they are visiting.
2indirect speech, synonyms, change the order of words or phrases.
3important details about each of the three countries in the article
4Brazil: touching, punctuality; Japan: touching
business cards, dress, gifts. punctuality: Saudi Arabia: formality, men and women not touching in public,the importance of personal relationships. This gives a few details from each country, so is about the right amount of information.
5Four references: "Andy Schmidt (2018) says… 'Schmidt
focuses on ..., 'According to the author, ... "The author stresses ...
6It's the topic sentence at the beginning of the second paragraph: I definitely agree with Schmidt's main point.7 with examples from her own experience8 She restates the main idea: In short, ..'
Exercise 2 page 98
Answers will vary.
Exercises 1-7 pages 99-100
Answers will vary.
CLASSROOM APP
Exercise1
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2
1greet 2generations 3exchanging 4protection 5appearance 6ceremony 7beliefs 8formal
Exercise 3
Answers will vary.
Exercise 4
1it usually rains 2seldom played 3are almost never 4is not always 5often have 6hardly ever tastes 7rarely have 8is often
Exercise 5
1brief 2obvious 3commonusual 4certain:some 5serious;bad 6powerful:important 7separate; different
Exercise 6
1use synonyms; change order of words or phrases
2use synonyms; change order of words or phrases
3use synonyms; change order of words or phrases; use indirect speech
