Unit 7
Activity 1, page 146
1. The first time someone flew in a plane.
2. ✓ The choice of a specific candidate to vote for in an election
3. How and why birds migrate south for the winter
4. Steps in negotiating an international contract
5. ✓ The necessity of higher taxes on gasoline
6. ✓ Why schools should offer after-school programs for
at-risk students
7. ✓ Reasons that you deserve a pay raise
8. How to play chess well 9. Answers will vary.
10. Answers will vary.
Activity 2, page 147–148
Possible answers:
Topic: Requiring future parents to take parenting classes
Pro:
1. Parents will be more confident.
2. Young parents can meet other future parents and learn
from one another.
Con:
1. Teaching future parents about child raising is a family’s
responsibility.
2. Time spent in class means time spent away from work or leisure.
Topic: Allowing the death penalty
Pro:
1. Taxpayers will not have to pay to keep the offenders in prison.
2. The threat of the death penalty will keep people from committing violent crimes.
Con:
1. The individual may have been wrongly convicted.
2. No one should have the right to take another person’s life.
Topic: Getting a pet for a child
Pro:
1. Pets are good companions for children.
2. A pet’s death can teach children how to grieve.
Con:
1. A pet might hurt the child.
2. Parents may have to take care of the pet if the child fails to take responsibility.
Activity 3, pages 148–151
Pre-reading questions:
1. Answers will vary.
2. Possible answers
Topic: Studying abroad for one semester
Pro:
1. Studying abroad could help students learn life skills not
taught in schools, like budgeting and being aware of other cultures.
2. Students could practice language skills in real life rather
than in a classroom.
Con:
1. If students are immature or rude, they could give a bad
impression of their country when abroad.
2. Students may consider the semester abroad as a vacation.
Post-reading questions:
1. The purpose of this essay is to argue that study abroad
programs are beneficial for students and their future careers.
2. Thesis statement: Colleges and universities should require
students to study abroad for at least one semester of their
undergraduate education to prepare them for today’s
interconnected world.
3. Arguments to support viewpoint:
a. A semester abroad allows students to experience a new culture.
b. A semester abroad gives students the opportunity to learn a foreign language outside of the classroom.
4. Paragraph 5
The opposing idea is that the semester abroad is just a
vacation for students.
5. Answers will vary.
6. The last sentence offers an opinion.
Activity 4, pages 151–152
Possible answers:
Title: Why Studying Abroad Is The Best Classroom
I. Introduction
A. Hook: Quote about interconnectedness
B. People’s jobs now depend on international connections.
C. Thesis statement: Colleges and universities should require
students to study abroad.
II. Body Paragraph 1
A. Show how studying abroad lets students experience a foreign culture.
B. Brewer and Cunningham (2009): Studying abroad
teaches students about not only the foreign culture but
also their own culture and perspectives.
III. Body Paragraph 2
A. Discuss how studying abroad contributes to learning a foreign language.
B. Kauffmann, Martin, and Weaver (1992): Learning a
language in a real-life situation is effective.
IV. Body Paragraph 3
A. Explain how studying abroad allows students to see their
academic discipline from a new perspective.
B. Provide a counterargument: …this argument may appear
illogical: Math is math, whether in Peru or Poland, and
the fundamental principles of chemistry do not change
from Ghana to Germany.
V. Body Paragraph 4
A. Address a common opposing idea that studying abroad is
just a vacation.
B. Show that A is not accurate: Study by Dwyer and Peters (2004)
C. Argue that schools need to prepare their students for study
abroad so they know the requirements and goals.
VI. Conclusion
A. Suggest that studying abroad should be required.
B. Opinion: In a world made smaller by technological
advances, students who graduate with the experience
of living in a foreign culture will also be better
prepared to succeed in their careers.
Activity 5, page 153
Possible answers:
1. Topic: Requiring future parents to take parenting classes
Pro: Future parents should be required to take parenting
classes as there would be important benefits to the child
and his/her parents.
Con: Future parents should not be required to attend
parenting classes because being a parent is a private affair.
2. Topic: Allowing the death penalty
Pro: The death penalty should be allowed for several
important reasons.
Con: The death penalty should be banned because of three
significant reasons.
3. Topic: Getting a pet for a child
Pro: Getting a pet for children should be encouraged as it
promotes responsibility and respect for animals.
Con: Getting a pet for children should be discouraged
because of three reasons.
Activity 6 page 155
Paragraph 3: Furthermore, studying abroad also greatly
facilitates learning a new language.
Paragraph 4: Additionally, students benefit from studying their
academic discipline from a new perspective.
Activity 7, page 155
1. Counterargument: Though studying abroad offers many
advantages, some may argue that a semester or year
abroad is nothing but a vacation.
2. Possible answer:
Paraphrase of refutation: Some students do use the
study abroad experience as an excuse to have fun, but
their behavior should not cause universities to cancel study
abroad programs.
Activity 8, page 155
Possible answers:
1. Refutation: However, risking the lives of passengers is too
dangerous and can hurt the airline’s reputation.
2. Refutation: Yet many people have found ways to prevent
food waste, and their example should be followed.
3. Refutation: Nonetheless, there is evidence that a teacher’s
ability to transmit knowledge and skills can impact test scores.
Activity 9, pages 156–158
Pre-reading questions:
Answers will vary.
While reading:
1. What is more, 2. While 3. Additionally 4. While
5. Some might argue that 6. Nevertheless,
Post-reading questions:
1. The purpose of this essay is to argue that governments
should do more to protect the oceans by preventing
overfishing and promoting alternative methods.
2. Thesis statement: Governments must encourage
sustainable fishing practices and other regulatory guidelines
to ensure that the oceans preserve their variety of animal
and plant life as well as sufficient fish populations.
3. Counterargument: Some might argue that the oceans are
so huge that there must be plenty of fish left.
4. Answers will vary.
Activity 10, page 159
1. must 2. should 3. should 4. should 5. could
6. might 7. might
Activity 11, page 160
1. The audience was completely disgusted by the speaker’s remarks.
2. The medical tests used to diagnose heart disease are highly accurate.
3. One thing that we know about the weather is that it can be utterly unpredictable.
4. Although the drug is expensive, it has proven to be highly effective.
5. It can be extremely difficult to persuade citizens to vote for higher taxes.
Activity 12, page 161
Possible answers:
1. virtually 2. fairly / relatively 3. extremely/ deeply
4. scarcely / hardly 5. absolutely / utterly 6. highly
7. totally / utterly / completely
Activity 13, page 162
1. collapse - destruction 2. compound - increase
3. considerably - greatly 4. deplete - finish
5. downplay – less serious 6. framework - plan
7. gravity - seriousness 8. in a new light - in a different way
9. suspend - stop for a time 10. trigger - cause to happen
Activity 14, pages 162–163
1. an incentive to work hard 2. downplay the significance
3. make an incorrect assumption 4. recognize the gravity of the situation
5. trigger an explosion 6. compensate for a weakness
7. a sustainable way of life 8. the collapse of the industry
9. invalidate a contract 10. considerably more expensive
Activity 15, pages 163
1. assume 2. assumption 3. considerable 4. considerably
5. depletion 6. depleted 7. revolution 8. revolutionary
9. sustainability 10. sustainable
Activity 16, page 164
Answers will vary.
Activity 17, page 165
1. While most country countries around the world require a
person to be at the least 18 years old to obtain a driver’s
license, in some parts of the United States and Canada, the
minimum age is as young as 14.
2. One way to minimize the number of people who/that
catch a cold each year is to encourage them to wash their
hands frequent frequently.
3. Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, the play that continues
J. K. Rowling’s famous fantasy series, begins 19 years after
the events of the last book in the series, Harry Potter and
the Deathly Hallows.
4. Banjos and guitars are similar musical instruments, but
banjos typically have four or five strings, whereas guitars
typically they have six.
5. One of the earliest educational video games, The Oregon
Trail, which first appeared in 1971, allows students to learn
about life as 19th-century American pioneers.
Activity 18, pages 165–166
Possible answers:
1. Flights that depart from San Francisco are often delayed
because of the unpredictable fog that blankets the city.
OR
The unpredictable fog that blankets San Francisco often
causes flight to be delayed.
2. Aretha Franklin, who died in 2018, was an incredible singer,
songwriter, and pianist.
OR
An incredible singer, songwriter, and pianist, Aretha
Franklin died in 2018.
3. Although 51 million people live in the entire country of
South Korea, the majority of the population lives in the
province surrounding Seoul, which is the capital of the country.
OR
51 million people live in the entire country of South Korea,
but the majority of the population lives in the province
surrounding Seoul, which is the capital of the country.
Activity 19, page 166
Possible answers:
Spam
How many emails do you receive every day that are
unwanted offers or advertisements? Most of these emails
are spam, commercial messages sent to a large number of
recipients or posted in a large number of places. Spam, which
Flynn and Kahn (2003) define as “unsolicited e-mail that is
neither wanted nor needed” by anyone, is a huge problem
today. In fact, spam threatens the entire email system. Email
is a vital method of communication today, but the annoying
mountain of spam threatens to destroy this critically important
tool. If email is to continue to be useful, laws against spam
must be strengthened and enforced to avoid the exploitation
of e-mail.
Activity 20, page 167
1. b 2. a
3. Possible answers:
The Chinese poet Cáo Xuěqín wrote Dream of the Red
Chamber, which is considered one of China’s four great
classical novels.
OR
Dream of the Red Chamber, which was written by The
Chinese poet Cáo Xuěqín, is considered to be among the
four great classical novels to emerge from China.
4. Possible answers:
Built in 1891, Al Jahili Fort of Abu Dhabi was used to
defend palm groves and to house local governors.
OR
Abu Dhabi has many interesting sites, including the Al
Jahili Fort, which was built back in 1891 to defend palm
groves and provide a residence for local governors.
Activity 21, pages 168–169
Answers will vary.
Unit 8
Activity 1, page 173
1. b (Astronomy is too broad a topic for a research paper.)
2. b (World peace is too broad and abstract a topic for a research paper.)
3. a (A comparison of works by O. Henry, William
Shakespeare, and Stephen King is too broad a topic; also,
the writers are from different historical eras and their works
have little in common.)
4. b (A comparison of job opportunities for women in Europe
in 1815, 1915, and 2015 is an interesting topic, but would
likely require more than 1,500 words to adequately explore.)
5. a (The rules of basketball do not require much research or
interpretation.)
Activity 2, page 174
Possible answers:
Research topic: The benefits of artificial intelligence
Possible questions:
1. What are examples of artificial intelligence?
2. How can these examples benefit humans?
3. Are there any drawbacks of artificial intelligence?
Research topic: The connections between video games and
teenage well-being
Possible questions:
1. How often do teens play video games?
2. What happens when teens play video games excessively?
3. How can teens be encouraged to do activities other than
playing video games?
Research topic: The causes of human migration
Possible questions:
1. What are the most common patterns of human migration?
2. What are some internal reasons people migrate?
3. What are some external reasons people migrate?
Activity 3, page 176
Answers will vary.
Activity 4, page 176
Answers will vary.
Activity 5, page 177
1. They are arranged alphabetically, according to the last
name of the author.
2. The last name and initial of the author are capitalized; the
first words of the article’s title and subtitle are capitalized;
all major words in the journal’s title are capitalized.
3. The book is Vocabulary myths: Applying second language
research to the classroom. (A journal entry includes the
journal name, volume number, and page references for the
specific article sourced)
4. Applied Linguistics and The Modern Language Journal each
have more than one entry.
5. The oldest source is Ott, Butler, Blake, and Ball’s “The effect
of interactive-image elaboration on the acquisition of
foreign language vocabulary.”
The most recent source that is an article is Huckin and
Coady’s “Incidental vocabulary acquisition in a second
language.” (Folse’s Vocabulary myths is the most recent
publication, but it is a book, not an article.)
6. Multiple sources by the same author are sequenced by the
date of publication.
Activity 6, page 178–179
Possible answers:
1. The naming of our planets
Thesis statement: When we learned the names of the
planets in elementary school, most of us gave little thought
to how the planets got their names, but the origin of these
names is quite interesting.
2. How Europe shaped the map of Africa
Thesis statement: If European countries had not set up
their empires in Africa, the map of the entire continent
would look very different today.
3. The meaning of O. Henry’s short story “The Gift of the Magi”
Thesis statement: In O. Henry's "The Gift of the Magi," the
central theme of sacrifice is evident in the actions of the
two characters.
4. The greatest achievements of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
Thesis statement: Although some may want to focus on
her role within India, the greatest achievements of Indian
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi were international.
5. The salaries of current professional basketball players
Thesis statement: The salaries of professional basketball
players may seem absurdly high, but there are good
reasons that top players earn so much money.
Activity 7, page 181–185
Pre-reading questions:
1. Possible answer: sea; The excerpt mentions a pirate.
2. Answers will vary.
Post-reading questions:
1. The purpose of the research paper is to describe how the
United States won the War of 1812 with the unexpected
ally of a pirate.
2. Thesis statement: Lafitte’s efforts in the War of 1812
certainly helped to establish the United States as a world
power, but history should neither overlook his criminality
nor minimize his accomplishments.
3. Paragraph 3 gives the background information.
4. There are three headers.
5. Nine sources are used. There are seven direct quotations.
Activity 8, page 186
1. A very simple soup can be made with chicken, onions,
tomatoes, water, salt, and pepper.
2. At midnight last night, the bill was still being considered
(by senators).
3. High-quality coffee is grown in several key countries,
including Vietnam and Brazil.
4. Thousands of auto parts are produced by this factory every week.
5. A healthy salad can be made quite easily with any type of
lettuce and some fresh vegetables.
6. For the past two weeks, serious problems with cell phone
service have been experienced (by many customers) in the
Toronto area.
7. More than a dozen new voting districts in Tennessee were
created in the 1970s (by local governments).
8. Most travelers are exhausted by driving from Miami to New York.
Activity 9, page 187
Online Courses
As computers 1 become/have become increasingly
important in education, many more online courses 2 are
being offered/are offered by colleges and universities. In this
new type of education, some students never even 3 set foot
on campus to earn a degree. Online learning 4 has caused a
revolution in education, but its benefits need 5 to be measured
against its liabilities when it 6 is compared to traditional face
to-face instruction. Students should not 7 assume that either
online or face-to-face classes are superior. Instead, students
should 8 pay attention to the information they 9 need from a
particular course and which type of learning 10 facilitates their
education the best.
Activity 10, page 188
1. ally - friendly 2. commence - start 3. flourish - do well
4. fragile - weak 5. hostile - unfriendly 6. legitimate - lawful
7. margin - edge 8. notorious - negative 9. spy - secret
10. ultimatum - last
Activity 11, pages 188–189
1. all classes commence at 8 a.m. 2. include a one-inch margin
3. build a strong alliance 4. flourish in a new environment
5. a hostile environment 6. an entirely legitimate business
7. notorious for being late 8. deliver an ultimatum
9. an extremely fragile package 10. diplomatic relations
Activity 12, page189
1. alliance 2. allies / allied 3. diplomatic 4. diplomacy
5. flourish 6. flourishing 7. legitimate 8. legitimately
9. notorious 10. notoriously
Activity 13, page 190
Answers will vary.
Activity 14, pages 190–193
Step 1
1. No, you cannot select your own topic. Yes, there is a
specific topic. Yes, you can modify the topic.
2. 1,000 words
3. Three outside sources are required, including at least two
sources from an academic journal.
4. The expected type of citation is not stated.
Steps 2-12
Answers will vary.
