3 CULTURE AND TRADITION
Think and Discuss (page 41) Possible answers:
1. He’s an American cowboy. He’s walking through the snow with his horse.
2. They live off the land and work with cattle and horses.
3. Cowboys live in many countries on different continents including the Americas, Europe, Australia, and Africa.
EXPLORE THE THEME (pages 42–43)
1. The young woman in the large photo is receiving a gift because it’s her 15th birthday. The woman in the photo on the right is receiving gifts because she’s going to have a baby. The people are receiving gifts
because it’s Chinese New Year.
2.–4. Answers will vary.
Lesson A
VOCABULARY
A (page 44) 1. usually; 2. more; 3. reason for; 4. haven’t;
5. long; 6. making plans; 7. no one; 8. areas; 9. keep; 10. don’t know
B (page 44) 1. a; 2. f; 3. e; 4. c; 5. j; 6. h; 7. i; 8. b; 9. d; 10. g
C (page 45) 1. region; 2. factor; 3. estimate;
4. developed; 5. customs; 6. traditional; 7. still;
8. disappeared; 9. actual; 10. preserve
D (page 45) Answers will vary.
LISTENING
A (page 46) Answers will vary.
B (page 46)
1. b. The United States; c. Mexico
2. a. photos; c. information about modern cowboys
C (page 47)
Tyrel Tucker: 2 years old, 2,300, electricity
Manuel Rodriguez: 4 years old, married, move back
D (page 47)
1. F (He didn’t like to be indoors.)
2. F (They ate the same three foods. A healthy diet includes a variety of foods.)
3. T (Tyrel loves the outdoors, and Manuel plans to move back to the countryside.)
4. F (They both like working as cowboys, and they never mention wanting a different job.)
E (page 47) Answers will vary.
F (page 47)
1. Answers will vary.
2. Possible answer: He probably used an old camera to give the images a more traditional look.
3. Possible answer: Some people might still want to be cowboys today because it gives them a lot of freedom and allows them to be in nature.
4. Answers will vary.
SPEAKING
A (pages 48–49)
1. Could you please explain
2. Could you explain
3. I’m afraid I still don’t understand
4. put it another way
5. do you mean that
6. I said that
B (page 49) Answers will vary.
C (page 49)
1. was …running (reason #2)
2. was working (reason #1)
3. was singing, was making (reason #3)
D (page 50) 1. was studying; 2. was living; 3. was cleaning, were watching; 4. was doing; 5. was driving; 6. wasn’t/was not raining; 7. were talking,
was giving; 8. were, laughing
E–F (page 50) Answers will vary.
LESSON TASK
A and B (pages 50–51)
Student A, Paniolos
1. It’s about traditional Hawaiian cowboys called paniolos. They live in Hawaii.
2. They controlled the cattle and taught cattlehandling skills to the local people. They were Mexican men living in California before they
moved to the island.
3. Now, there are only a few large ranches and a few old paniolos left.
Student B, Gauchos
1. It’s about cowboys of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay called gauchos.
2. They worked on different farms but were very poor. People admired them for their independence, bravery, and horseback riding skills.
3. Now most of them receive a steady salary and work only in one place.
Video
B (page 53) 1. nomads; 2. shepherds; 3. careers;
4. hospitable; 5. landscape; 6. entertainers
D (page 53) 1. F (He worked for a newspaper.);
2. F (It’s on the border of Pakistan.); 3. T; 4. T;
5. F (It takes him some time.)
E (page 53)
√ moving animals from place to place
√ entertainers working with snakes
√ traditional clothing
√ traditional houses
F (page 53) Answers will vary.
Lesson B
VOCABULARY
B (page 54) 1. e; 2. j; 3. g; 4. d; 5. b; 6. c; 7. f; 8. a; 9. h; 10. i
C (page 55) Answers will vary.
LISTENING
A (page 56) Answers will vary.
B (page 57)
1. select, music, culture
2. culture
3. describe, explain, traditional, modern
4. contrast, music
5. play
6. main, questions
C (page 57) He includes 1, 2, 3, and 6; he doesn’t include 4 and 5.
E (page 57) Answers will vary.
SPEAKING
A (page 58) Answers will vary.
B (page 58)
Student A, Bagpipes
1. Bagpipes are an old instrument. They have a large bag that holds air and one or more small pipes that make the notes of the music. They are most famously played in Scotland and Ireland.
2. The player blows air into the bag, and the air comes out slowly through the pipes.
3. Bagpipes have a long history.
Student B, Steel Drums
1. Steel drums are made from old steel oil barrels.
They are from Trinidad.
2. The top of the drum has different sections, and each section makes a different musical note.
3. Steel drums are relatively new, and they sound light and happy. They are a popular instrument at the Carnival festival in Trinidad every year.
D (page 59)
1. The violin is my favorite instrument.
2. Our friends are waiting outside.
3. Only a few people play this kind of guitar.
4. You can probably hear it on the radio.
5. The group is playing in a small theater.
6. Tell Maria about the class assignment.
FINAL TASK
A–C (page 60) Answers will vary.
