UNIT 5 HIGH-TECH WORLD
Modals and Related Expressions
Reading 1
COMPREHENSION p135
1. F 2. T 3. F
THINK ABOUT IT p135
Answers will vary.
5.1 Modals—An Overview
EXERCISE 1 p. 135
1. F, 2. T, 3. T
EXERCISE 2 p. 136
1. can’t remember 2. ‘m not able to remember 3. have to write
4. might forget 5. can never remember 6. shouldn’t write 7. can get
8. have to pick 9. must choose 10. ’ve got to think 11. have to log in
12. was supposed to make 13. may simplify
5.2 Possibility: May, Might, Could
EXERCISE 3 p. 137
1. I might buy 2. You may think 3. You may want 4. You may have
5. It might be 6. You could be7. I may not remember 8. you might steal
5.3 Necessity/Obligation: Must, Have To, Have Got To
EXERCISE 4 p. 138
1. ’ve got to leave 2. have to log on 3. have to click 4. have to fill out
5. ’s got to match 6. must use 7. must have 8. ’ve got to include 9. have to remember 10. have to do 11. ’ve got to copy 12. must be copied 13. had to learn 14. ’ve got to meet
ABOUT YOU p. 139
Answers will vary.
5.4 Expectation: Be Supposed To
EXERCISE 5 p. 140
1. ’re supposed to read 2. is supposed to make 3. ’re supposed to copy
4. ’re supposed to pay 5. ’m supposed to memorize 6. aren’t supposed to text 7. ‘s supposed to send 8. was supposed to use 9. aren’t supposed to open 10. ’m supposed to help 11. were supposed to meet
EXERCISE 6 p. 140
Answers will vary.
ABOUT YOU p. 141
Answers will vary.
5.5 Advice: Should, Ought To, Had Better
EXERCISE 7 p. 141–142
Answers will vary
EXERCISE 8 p. 142–143
1. a. Should I buy, b. I should give, c. he shouldn’t play, d. He ought to play
2. a. You ought to protect, b. You shouldn’t make, c. You’d
better be, d. I’d better do, e. You’d better not use
3. a. should I do, b. You ought to set up, c. You should
choose, d. ’d better choose
EXERCISE 9 p. 143
1. ’d better not 2. ’ve got to 3. ’re supposed to 4. do I have to 5. have to
6. should 7. ought to/should 8. had to 9. must 10. should 11. a. is supposed to, b. is supposed to 12. ’ve got to
ABOUT YOU p. 144
Answers will vary.
5.6 Suggestion: Can/Could
EXERCISE 10 p. 144
Answers will vary.
Reading 2
COMPREHENSION p146
1. F 2. F 3. T
THINK ABOUT IT p146
Answers will vary.
5.7 Negative Modals
EXERCISE 11 p. 146–147
1. may not 2. cannot 3. shouldn’t 4. are not allowed to 5. aren’t supposed to 6. must not/may not 7. don’t have to 8. don’t have to 9. may not
EXERCISE 12 p. 147
1. shouldn’t 2. can 3. can’t 4. may not/might not 5. shouldn’t 6. should
7. could/can 8. don’t have to 9. don’t have to 10. shouldn’t 11. can’t
12. have to 13. can’t 14. have to/’ve got to
ABOUT YOU p. 147
Answers will vary.
Reading 3
COMPREHENSION p149
1. T 2. F 3. T
THINK ABOUT IT p149
Answers will vary.
5.8 Ability/Possibility: Can, Be Able To
EXERCISE 13 p. 149–150
1. can find out 2. Are you able to keep 3. are able to obtain 4. can find
5. can catch 6. wasn’t able to get 7. can carry out 8. can’t find 9. couldn’t identify
5.9 Logical Conclusion: Must
EXERCISE 14 p. 150–151
Possible answers
1. feel 2. get 3. know 4. send, b. like 5. have, b. be 6. know 7. love/like
8. realize/understand/know; be joking 9. know
5.10 Probability vs. Possibility: Must vs. May, Might, Could
EXERCISE 15 p. 152
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 16 p. 153–154
1. a. couldn’t, b. did you have to, c. must 2. a. were supposed to
3. a. can’t, b. must 4. a. didn’t have to, b. couldn’t, c. had to d. ‘ve got to, e. ‘re supposed to 5. a. is supposed to, b. can’t, c. must, d. should, e. must, f. is able to, g. might 6. a. don’t have to, b. could, c. can, d. must 7. a. ’m supposed to 8. a. ’d better not, b. should 9. a. might, b. don’t have to
5.11 Continuous Modals
EXERCISE 17 p. 155
1. a. might be taking, b. could be charging 2. a. shouldn’t be using, b. might be preventing 3. a. shouldn’t be texting 4. a. could be learning
5. a. must be talking 6. a. must be making
REVIEW p. 157
1. can, could 2. can’t 3. ’ve got to, am I supposed to 4. don’t have to, can
5. can 6. don’t have to 7. ought to/should 8. ’m supposed to 9. can 10. can
11. must, was supposed to 12. should 13. must/have to, can’t
EDITING PRACTICE p. 158–159
1. should play 2. C 3. must spend 4. C 5. ’d better/had better
6. can we do7. are supposed to8. be able to9. C10. ’s not permitted to/isn’t permitted to/is not permitted to11. ’s got to/has got to/has to
12. allowed13. C14. can’t I15. C16. ’ve got to /have got to /have to
UNIT 6 U.S. PRESIDENTS AND ELECTIONS
Modals in the Past
Reading 1
COMPREHENSION p163
1. T 2. T 3. F
THINK ABOUT IT p163
Answers will vary.
6.1 Modals in the Past—Form
EXERCISE 1 p. 163–164
1. should have read, must have learned
2. could have lasted, shouldn’t have used, couldn’t have
gotten
3. must have been, must not have paid, should have paid
4. must have written, must have been
5. could have used, should have asked
6.2 Past Regrets or Mistakes—Should Have
EXERCISE 2 p. 164–165
1. have seen, have told, have written2. have watched, have paid
3. have voted, have given4. have shortened, have helped5. have used, have paid
ABOUT YOU p. 165
Answers will vary
6.3 Past Possibility—May/Might/Could + Have
EXERCISE 3 p. 166
1. F, 2. T,3. F
EXERCISE 4 p. 166
1. have learned 2. not have heard 3. not have been 4. have been
5. not have planned 6. have written 7. have written 8. have stabbed
9. have been
6.4 Logical Conclusion about the Past—Must Have
EXERCISE 5 p. 167–168
Possible answers
1. a. have been, b. have liked 2. a. have entered, b. have planned, c. have had 3. a. have felt, b. have felt 4. a. have had, b. have been 5. a. have heard, b. have been, c. have been, d. have been 6. a. have been 7. a. have come, b. have fallen
Reading 2
COMPREHENSION p170
1. T 2. F 3. T
THINK ABOUT IT p170
Answers will vary.
6.5 Past Direction Not Taken—Could Have
EXERCISE 6 p. 170–171
1. have started 2. have ended 3. have been killed 4. have made
5. have continued 6. have sent 7. have bombed 8. have spoken
EXERCISE 7 p. 171
1. could have dressed 2. could have been 3. could have married
4. could have broken 5. could have given 6. could have killed
ABOUT YOU p. 171
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 8 p. 171
Answers will vary.
Reading 3
COMPREHENSION p.173
1. T 2. F 3. F
THINK ABOUT IT p.173
Answers will vary.
6.6 Must Have + Past Participle vs. Had To + Base Form
EXERCISE 9 p.173–174
1. had to count 2. must have been 3. had to wait 4. must have been
5. had to be made 6. must have voted 7. must have been 8. had to work
6.7 Ability and Possibility in the Past
EXERCISE 10 p. 174–175
1. couldn’t use/couldn’t have used 2. couldn’t understand
3. couldn’t have listened 4. Were you able to/Could you 5. could have voted 6. were able to use/could have used 7. couldn’t have happened
8. couldn’t/wasn’t able to 9. couldn’t/wasn’t able to 10. couldn’t use
11. could have been 12. couldn’t read 13. was able to teach
6.8 Modals in the Past: Continuous Forms
EXERCISE 11 p. 175
1. have been using 2. have been thinking 3. have been having
4. have been watching 5. have been planning 6. have been protecting
REVIEW p. 177
1. had to rely, must 2. couldn’t read, was able to, wasn’t able to/couldn’t
3. could, was able to end 4. shouldn’t, might not 5. must have thought
6. had to take 7. weren’t able to agree, may/might, c. could/may
8. could have happened, must 9. could, should
EDITING PRACTICE p. 178–179
1. couldn’t remember 2. C 3. must have remembered 4. could have been
5. C 6. must have been 7. C 8. couldn’t get/could not get 9. couldn’t understand 10. must have known 11. must have crashed 12. C
13. should have flown 14. C 15. may not have been able to 16. could have been 17. could have used 18. C
