EMOTIONS ANDPERSONALITY 10
THINK AND DISCUSS (page 181)
1. Possible answers: Emotions may include fear, happiness, or joy.
2. Answers will vary.
EXPLORE THE THEME (page 182)
1. Possible answers: They may be happy because they’ve been married for a long time; they may be happy that it’s his birthday; they may be laughing about something.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Answers will vary.
Lesson A
VOCABULARY
B (page 184)
1. Answers will vary.
2. Possible answers: Emotions that are easy to recognize may include happiness, anger, fear, or shock. This may be because these are instinctive emotions and are shown in facial expressions.
Emotions that may be difficult to recognize are boredom, suspicion, calmness, or curiosity. This may be because these are mental states, and we may try to hide them.
C (page 185)
1. expressions
2. makes sense
3. results
4. trigger
5. instinctively
6. personality
7. tendency
8. universal
9. confirm
10. react
D (page 185)
1. triggers
2. confirm
3. universal
4. expression
5. result
6. instinctively
7. personality
E (page 185) Possible answers:
Does it make sense that not all reactions are instinctive? How do you react when you are very angry? Do you have a tendency to be very
emotional?
LISTENING
A (page 186) Answers will vary.
B (page 186)
1. the human fear response
2. react instinctively
3. useful
4. learned to fear
5. didn’t impact
C (page 187) Possible answers:
ancestors: reacted instinctively; reactions for survival
fear response: keeps us out of trouble
fear response: inherited or learned?
lab monkeys: learned fear of snakes
flowers: monkeys didn’t learn fear of flowers
learned: some fear is learned
D (page 187) Possible answers:
1. the human fear response
2. instinctive reactions, such as putting on a car’s brakes
3. the monkeys learning to fear the snakes
4. one cannot learn to fear something
E (page 187)
1. Answers will vary.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Possible answer: You can overcome a fear by experiencing it in small steps or for short periods of time. For example, if you are afraid of heights, you might try experiencing some lower heights for short periods of time. Also, you can notice what thoughts come up and change what you tell yourself about the experience.
SPEAKING
A (page 189) Answers will vary.
B (page 189) Possible answers:
1. Fernando was probably not using good judgment and wasn’t controlling his speed. This seems to be a common cause of accidents in our community, especially with teenage boys.
2. Lara may have been embarrassed in front of the class because of increased social anxiety. I know that I would feel embarrassed. Lara doesn’t have much self-control.
3. Jian probably has a high desire to connect with peers rather than with his family. My brother is the same way, and it makes my parents sad.
4. For Rachel, social acceptance is very important. I know that the social relationships on sports teams are very important. She probably didn’t go
to practice because she felt rejected by the team.
C (pages 189) Answers will vary.
D (page 189)
1. did you use to
2. Did you use to
3. would you/did you use to; would you/did you use to
4. did you use to/would you
5. did you use to
6. did you use to; would you/did you use to
E (page 190) Answers will vary.
F (page 190) Answers will vary.
G (page 190) Answers will vary.
H (page 190)
1. Answers will vary.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Possible answers: Researchers can share their results with guidance counselors or sports coaches at high schools so that they can better
support teenagers in need; they can develop a mobile app where teenagers or parents input a problem and get answers about how to solve it based on science. Information about the human brain can help parents and teachers adjust their expectations of teenagers and use better strategies for communication with them.
LESSON TASK
A–C (page 191)
Answers will vary.
Video
A (page 192) Possible answers:
Positive: adventure, comfortable, experience, triumph, unknown
Negative: avalanche, confusing, hurt, stress, struggle, unknown
B (page 192)
Possible answers: strong, adventurous, fearless, young, motivated
C (page 193)
1. a; 2. c; 3. b
D (page 193)
1. adventure
2. realized
3. comfortable
4. expression
5. real
6. fun
7. experiencing
E (page 193)
1. Answers will vary.
2. Possible answer: Richards may categorize adventure, experience, struggle, and unknown as positive. He sees these things as ways to learn
about yourself and grow as a person.
3. Possible answer: Richards may respect discomfort because he has gained a deeper understanding of himself and what it means to be human when he has been in very uncomfortable situations. For him, discomfort drives him toward life-changing experiences and has pushed his career forward in positive ways. Answers to the second question
will vary.
4. Answers will vary.
Lesson B
VOCABULARY
A (page 194) Answers will vary.
C (page 194) Answers will vary.
D (page 195)
1. upset 6. introvert
2. differ 7. outgoing
3. lead to 8. thrive
4. anxiety 9. extrovert
5. lack 10. awkward
E (page 195) Possible answers:
2. expression; transmission
3. creative; instinctive
4. sociology; biology
5. likeable; believable
6. leader; worker
7. communicate; cooperate
8. interview; international
9. preview; pretest
10. review; restart
F (page 195)
1. Answers will vary.
2. Possible answers: A person may feel awkward speaking in front of a large group if the person is shy. A person may feel awkward if he or
she is asked a question that he or she feels uncomfortable about answering.
3. Possible answers: People may suffer from anxiety because of too much work, too little sleep, money worries, or traffic problems.
LISTENING
A (page 196) Answers will vary.
B (page 196) Answers will vary. Here is what is said in the conversation:
1. I have a tendency to want junk food when I’m stressed.
2. If you eat healthy food today, you’ll be in a better mood in two days.
3. If you’re in a good mood, you’ll feel more confident and less stressed.
4. Diets that contain a lot of sugar can lead to depression.
5. Extroverts eat less healthily because they’re always socializing.
C (pages 196–197)
1. He feels stressed because he has a lot to do before his job interview.
2. She wants him to throw it out because it’s not good for him.
3. You might eat less healthily because you’re eating in more social situations.
4. Sam says he’s thinking short term and does not throw his snack away.
D (page 197)
1. T
2. F; Your personality can determine what and how you eat.
3. F; Extroverts often eat in social situations, leading to less healthy diets.
4. T
SPEAKING
A (page 198) Answers will vary.
B (page 198)
1. dependability
2. extroversion
3. neuroticism
4. openness
5. agreeableness
C (page 198) Answers will vary.
D (page 199) Answers will vary.
E (page 199) Answers will vary.
F (page 199)
1. 13%; Answers will vary for the second question.
2. They want to be more extroverted.
3. You can do it with a realistic plan to change behavior patterns in certain situations.
G (page 199) Possible answers:
1. Research suggests that getting a job that you really like can give you more confidence.
2. Most people would agree that having a baby makes you more responsible.
3. As far as I know, getting married may or may not change your personality.
4. I read that moving to a new place can create stress in your life. I don’t think it would change your personality, though, unless you moved to a
different country.
FINAL TASK
A–C (page 200) Answers will vary.
