GREEN LIVING   4

THINK AND DISCUSS

Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. I think the photographer is trying to show us trash is a bigger problem than most of us realize. I’ve never thought about what my trash would look like spread out like this!

2. In my neighborhood, trash collectors empty our bins into a huge truck every day. Most of our trash goes to a landfill, but some of it is incinerated (burned), too. We usually separate plastic, glass, aluminum, and paper items for recycling.

EXPLORE THE THEME

A 1. b; 2. c; 3. a

B collect; throw away; recycle (Note: The words throw and away are frequently separated by the direct object of a clause or sentence. For example, Throw it away.)

Reading 1

PREPARING TO READ

A 1. cause

2. aware

3. kill

4. solution

5. report

6. float (Note: Things can float in a variety of ways and at various depths. For example, much of the garbage island is plastic floating just beneath the surface of the ocean,)

7. clean up (Note: Clean up is often used in connection with environmental efforts. For example: Many volunteers helped clean up the beach after the oil spill.)

B Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. Yes, it causes a lot of problems, especially at the beach. I live by the beach, and every morning, a lot of trash washes up on the beach from the ocean. We’ve tried cleaning it up a few times before, but it never stays clean for long.

2. Last year, my high school helped clean up a river. We spent the morning picking up trash, and we recycled what we could. We even used some of the trash we found in school art projects.

C Answers will vary. Possible answers: cups, plates, cutlery, chairs, food containers, toys, water bottles, plastic bags, cell phone casings

D Answers will vary. Possible answer: The island is probably made up of pieces of plastic. They must have floated away from our beaches and drains to the middle of the ocean.

UNDERSTANDING THE READING

A b (Note: Option a describes the main idea of Paragraph F, not the passage; the first half of option c is correct, but not the second, since we

know the plastic comes from our trash.)

B 1. plastic

2. in a circle

3. attracts new objects

4. bigger

5. double

C 1. eat

2. sunlight

3. sea organisms

4. less food

D Harada: robot

Williams: recycling, aware

Answers will vary. Possible answers: Educate people more through the Internet, news, and social media. / Build machines to push the garbage to shore so that we can clean it up more easily. / Give people rewards for recycling plastic, so that we throw away less.

DEVEOPING READING SKILLS

A 1. name

2. year

3. place

4. year

5. number

B 1. Charles Moore (a racing-boat captain)

2. 1997

3. California

4. 2014

5. more than 15 meters long

Video

BEFORE VIEWING

A Answers will vary. Possible answers: The sculptures look like they are made of trash. Perhaps they are made from trash that was found in the

lake. / I think an artist made these to show that we have too much trash. It’s quite shocking to see this much trash along these shores of a beautiful lake.

B Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. We produce about 1.3 billion tons of trash a year.

2. It is hard to find recycling bins in many parts of the world. It is much easier to simply throw things away. / Many people do not know how important it is to recycle.

3. Most of the world’s trash comes from cities. As cities grow, the amount of trash produced grows as well.

C 1. sculpture (Note: Solid, as used in the definition, means three-dimensional.)

2. transform

3. garbage collector

4. set up

WHILE VIEWING

A 1. a; 2. a

B a, b, c, d, f, g

AFTER VIEWING

A deals with ocean trash: Harada, Williams turns garbage into art: Schult

uses robot technology: Harada turns trash into something you can use every day: Williams

B Answers will vary. Possible answers: I think it would be best to put them along our main shopping street because many people will be able to see them. / I think it would be best to put them in our botanical gardens because the trash people will really stand out there against the beautiful scenery.

Reading 2

PREPARING TO READ

A 1. painting (Note: Show students a photo of the Mona Lisa, if necessary.)

2. organization

3. deal with

4. materials; create

5. images

6. proud

7. received

B Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. Some environmental organizations are: Friends of the Earth / World Wildlife Fund / World Nature Organization / Greenpeace Fund / Rainforest Alliance / Ocean Conservancy

2. They deal with issues such as: pollution / deforestation / protecting endangered plants and animals / preserving coral reefs

C Answers will vary. Possible answer: I think Vik Muniz uses old items that people throw away in creative ways to make his art. / I think Vik Muniz creates art out of the garbage he finds at the landfill. He probably makes sculptures, like Schult.

UNDERSTANDING THE READING

A 1. c (Explanation: Their job was to hunt through the garbage for…)

2. d (Explanation: …many catadores were proud of their work…)

3. b (Explanation: The paragraph lists the steps that led to the creation of his artwork.)

4. e (Explanation: Why create such huge images using garbage?)

5. a (Explanation: The paragraph talks about the movie that followed his efforts, and how the catadores felt about the project.)

B 1. a large landfill

2. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

3. 3,000

4. find and sell recyclable items

5. US$20–25 per day(Note: All of the answers can be found in Paragraphs B and C.)

C a, f, d, b, c, e

D a (Note: Although option b may seem like a valid interpretation of the quote, it is not the point the speaker intended to make.)

Writing

EXPLORING WRITTEN ENGLISH

A 1. problem

2. problem; solution

3. problems

4. solution

5. solution

LANGUAGE FOR WRITING

B Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. problems for

2. One solution / idea / answer is

3. Another solution / idea / answer is (Note: In addition, we can is incorrect because of the infinitive form of the verb to reuse.)

C Answers will vary. Possible answer:

problem: School is far from the bus stop.

Solution 1: Write to the bus company.

Solution 2: Build a bridge over the railway tracks.Our school is quite far from the nearest bus stop, and many students arrive late for class every day. One solution is to write to the bus company and have them change the bus route. Another idea is to ask the town council to build a bridge over the railway tracks to make the walk to school shorter.

WRITING SKILLS

D 1. One approach is to encourage people to take public transportation.

2. Another way is to increase the cost of driving.

3. In addition, we can make residents aware of the importance…

E 2, 4, 5 (Note: Options 1 and 3 are not solutions: They do not specifically say how to get people to recycle more.)

F Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. (Teaching students to separate trash) We could place recycling bins and posters in classrooms to teach children how to separate their trash.

2. (More recycling bins to make recycling convenient) Every bin in the city for general waste should have recycling bins next to it.

3. (Giving people rewards for recycling) We could have recycling collection centers throughout the city that pay people for their newspapers, soda cans, and plastic bottles.

WRITING TASK

A Answers will vary. Possible answers:

problem 1: Bad air quality caused by heavy traffic

Solutions: Better public transportation / Build offices closer to people’s homes

problem 2: People dump their trash in the rivers.

Solutions: Rubbish collection centers closer to where people live by the river / Fine people who dump their trash into the river

B Answers will vary. Possible answer:

Topic Sentence: Heavy traffic in the city results in bad air quality.

Supporting Idea: Improve public transportation so fewer people drive.

Details: Designated bus lanes, so that buses can move more quickly through traffic

REVISING PRACTICE

 d, a, c, b

EDITING PRACTICE

1. Air pollution is a problem, but there are some possible solutions.

2. One solution is to reduce the number of cars on the roads.

3. Another solution is to talk to factory owners.

4. Also, we can use public transportation instead of driving.

5. My town has a problem with trash on the streets, but there are some ways to improve the situation.

6. One idea is to have more trash cans.

7. Another solution is to tell people about the problem.

8. In addition, we can try to recycle more