Unit 5
名字太长记不住:
Page 103
1Answers will vary.
2Possible answers: Healthy people eat a balanced diet exercise regularly, get enough sleep, have a positive mental attitude.
3Possible answers: They avoid overeating or eating the wrong things. They avoid smoking, drugs and alcohol.
4Possible answers: walking, jogging, swimming, cycling yoga, tennis, and all kinds of team sport.
Exercises 1-2 page 104
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 104
2
Exercise 4 page 105
Exercise 5 page 105
deliver-add; bring
component-ingredient
natural - not made or done by people
gradually - slowly over a period of time
differentiate - to show the difference between things palate-the ability you use to decide if you like a taste disclose - to give information that was secret
Exercise 6 page 105
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
1Because they wanted to do a report on the amount of sugar manufacturers add to food, but this information is not available on the product labels
2Because they may add a lot of sugar to their products
and not want the customer to know this. in case it affects their sales.
3Because laws are made after reading scientific reports,
or because people decide what food to eat because of scientific opinions
Exercise 7 page 105
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 106
a active b reduce c serious d self-esteem e calories f recognize g moderate
Exercise 2 page 106
a basketball b squash c housework/cleaning d football e gardening f jogging/running g swimming h cycling
Exercise 3 page 108
c
Exercise 4 page 108
a3 b1 c5 d2 e4
Exercise 5 page 108
1heart disease: type 2diabetes: stroke; some cancers
2mood; self-esteem; sleep quality
3seven hours or more
4the field or court
5at off-peak times
6running shoes/ trainers
7the park
Exercise 6 page 109
Possible answers:
1It helps improve their self-esteem by helping them to stay ft, making them strong and giving them a sense of achievement.
2t is written for adults. The word 'adult' appears severa times in the text. There are also references in the text to adult activities such as having a job, and to playing games you haven't played since you were a child.
Exercise 7 page 109
1Answers will vary.
2Possible answers: It is a good way, but only one way of keeping ft. You can keep fit by gardening or doing other physical jobs.
3Possible answers: People can become dehydrated or
get injured. Some people exercise too hard and damage their bodies.
Exercise 1 page 109
1balanced diet 2 junk food 3Obesity 4portions 5campaign 6 nutritional
Exercise 2 page 110
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 110
1a50% b30% c5%d15%
2have laws for showing nutritional information on packaging; require restaurants to inform customers of calories; tax high-fat/high-sugar foods; support educational campaigns for healthy eating
3Control portion size: eat a balanced diet; read nutritiona information on food packaging; exercise regularly
Exercise 4 page 110
a G b l c l d l e G f l g G h l
Exercise 5 page 110
1d-read nutritional information on food packaging
2c-eat a balanced diet 3 g- put a tax on foods which are high in sugar and fat4b-control portion size5 h-do exercise
Exercise 6 page 110
1R 2E 3R 4F 5R
Exercise 7 page 112
1rice, potatoes; pasta 2milk; cheese:3meat; fish; eggs beans 4 pizza; crisps 5chocolate; sweets
Exercise 8 page 112
Possible answers
1D: Obesity has become a major problem in many
parts of the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO). in 2016 about 13% of adults worldwide, both male and female. were obese
2 A:In many Western countries, for example, a typical
healthy diet might include approximately 50% fruit
and vegetables; 30% carbohydrates, such as bread,rice potatoes and pasta; 15% proteins, for example,meat fish, eggs and beans; and around 5% dairy products(e.g. milk and cheese).
3 A: Such campaigns would be similar to the anti-smoking campaigns that have helped reduce the number of smokers all over the world.
4D:And finally. each of us should make time to exercise
because. as we all know, exercise burns calories
5 D:If we really wish to see an end to the problem of
obesity in the future, individuals and governments must both take action
Exercise 9 page 112
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 113
We need to see a reduction in the rate of obesity among children and teenagers. The first step is recognition that fat is a real problem for young people. One solution is for schools to offer children the opportunity to
participate in sport. This would require the involvement and encouragement of parents, who are our main weapon against increasing obesity. Parents can also support the promotion of educational campaigns to teach children about healthy eating
All of us should be responsible for the protection of
our own health, but governments can also help fight the obesity epidemic. For example, they can impose a ban on junk food adverts aimed at children.
Exercise 2 page 114
Obesity can reduce life expectancy and lead to serious illness such as heart disease and diabetes. To address this problem, some governments run educational programmes and advertising campaigns. These educate people about the dangers of junk food and the importance of a balanced diet. They also show people how to find out about the nutritional value of food. Another important way to tackle obesity is regular exercise. because the more physical activity we have, the better we feel.
Exercise 3 page 114
2 nutritional value 3educational programmes 4heart disease 5 physical activity 6advertising campaigns 7serious illness 8balanced diet 9regular exercise 10junk food
Exercise 1 page 115
Exercises 2--5 pages 115--116
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 117
Possible answers:
1I believe junk food adverts should be illegal.
2In my view, running is not the best exercise for keeping fit.
3In my opinion, it's not necessary to sleep eight hours a night in order to stay healthy.
Exercise 2 page 118
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 118
Possible answers:
1shouldn't 2ought to 3need to 4don't need to 5must
Optional activity
in pairs, students look back at Exercise 3. Ask
students to add language to express a purpose to their opinions le.g. Governments should control advertising on television in order to...)
Exercise 4 page 118
1 to/in order to 2so/so that 3so/so that 4to / in order to 5so / so that
Exercise 5 page 119
1but:C 2although:C 3However;F 4On the other hand; F
Exercise 6 page 119
2 Although some forms of exercise, such as running, are free, many people never exercise./ Many people never exercise, although some forms of exercise, such as running, are free.
3 Although junk food advertising on TV is exciting for
children, it can have a negative influence on their eating habits. / junk food advertising on TV is exciting for children, although it can have a negative influence on their eating habits.
4 Although most adults should exercise for at least two
hours a week, they don't have to do it all at once./ Most adults should exercise for at least two hours a week, although they don't have to do it all at once.
Exercise 1 page 120
Possible answers:
Exercises 1-6 pages 121-122
Answers will vary.
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Exercise1
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2
1calories 2campaign 3portion 4reduce 5serious 6moderate 7recognize 8self-esteem
Exercise 3
Answers will vary.
Exercise 4
1advertise 2ban 3encouragement 4promotion 5protect 6recognition 7reduce
Exercise 5
1expectancy 2programme 3diet 4disease 5campaign 6food 7value 8exercise
Exercise 6
1in order to 2so that 3so 4to 5so that 6to
Unit 6
page 125
1Answers will vary. The photo shows a workshop for students and robot enthusiasts to interact with a new human-like robot.
2-3 Answers will vary
Exercise 1 page 126
Possible answers:
1 Dams are built to hold back and store water.
2 Water comes into my home through pipes from the water main.
3 The water is cleaned at the water treatment plant.
Exercise 2 page 126
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 127
Possible answers:
1 They live in cities in the north.
2 Most people live in the north, but most of the water is in the south.
3 Each section is built separately
4 Because each section has to be in the perfect position5 2030
6 It will help millions of people in the north.
Exercise 4 page 127
1 food water 2 lake river/canal/aqueduct 3 715750
4121200 5 higher lower 6 2020 2030
Exercise 5 page 127
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 128
1harmful 2helpful 3prevent 4pattern 5unlimited 6essential 7 illustrate
Exercise 2 page 128
Possible answers.
1biology/biological,biography/ biographical, biopic biomedicine / biomedical, bioengineering,biodata, biometrics
2the act of copying (mimicry), the act of copying from nature (biomimicry)
3Answers will vary
Exercise 3 page 130
c
Exercise 4 page 130
Exercise 5 page 130
1hooks and loops 2children's clothing; lunch bags shoes 3Fastskin fabric 4swim faster 5astronauts' eyes 6the yellow oil which filters out harmful radiation 7the shape of the boxfish
Exercise 6 page 130
Possible answers:
1It replaces buttons, zips and shoelaces. so it's easier for children to get dressed by themselves.
2 It was argued that suits made of Fastskin gave some swimmers an unfair advantage.
3 Some people might think that it is ugly. Others might fnd it cute.
Exercise 7 page 131
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 131
1equipment 2personal 3electronic 4Three-dimensional 5 movement 6 breaks down 7objects8 Artificial
Exercise 2 page 132
Possible answers.
1They could become a reality- a Slovakian company is reportedly planning to start selling flying cars from2020. However. drivers of such a car would need a pilot's licence to fly it, while commercial production would be very expensive. Therefore, these cars are unlikely to be an everyday reality any time soon.
2 A 3-D printer is a printer attached to a computer
that can make solid objects from a digital model by
printing many separate layers of the object. It is used in manufacturing to print models, novelty food, low cost artificial limbs, etc.
3 Robots can help people who are missing arms or legs
by providing artificial limbs that help people to have normal function, such as picking things up with their artificial hand.
Exercise 3 page 132
1 4 2 2 3 3
Exercise 4 page 132
1advantages: b; disadvantages: d
2advantages: f;disadvantages:a
3advantages:c;disadvantages:e
Exercise 5 page 134
1T2F:Mechanical failure will be a problem for flying cars. 3DNS 4DNS 5T 6T 7F: The battery life of a robot suit is short at the moment.
Exercise 6 page 134
Possible answers:
1All machines have the potential to break down and a
breakdown in the air might cause falling objects that would be a serious danger below.
2If everybody has a personal flying car and uses it like
people use the roads today, then there will be air congestion.
3These medical benefits might include: enabling people
who are unable to walk, or who have missing limbs or some kind of paralysis, to regain some movement increasing mobility in partially sighted or blind people doing dangerous work in place of people, so that they avoid injury
Because they have taken a long time to develop; the materials used to make the exoskeleton might be very specialized.
Exercise 7 page 134
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 135
1will definitely 2probably won't 3will probably 4will probably: 5will definitely 6definitely won't 7could possibly
Exercise 2 page 135
1 In years to come2 before the end of the decade3 In the near future4 before too long5 within the next ten years6 within the next few years 7 By 2035
Exercise 3 page 136
Possible answers:
Exercise 4 page 136
1same 2same 3opposite 4 same 5opposite 6opposite 7same
Exercise 5 page 136
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 137
Possible answers:
flying car: advantages: 3-D freedom of movement avoid traffic lights, busy roads and speeding tickets; disadvantages: traffic control, mechanical failure, air traffic congestion
3-D printer: advantages: make life-size models, print body parts; disadvantages: equipment is extremely expensive
Iron man suit: advantages: lift heavy objects, walk long distances, punch through walls, military uses, help people with disabilities; disadvantages: expensive, short battery life, heavy
Exercise 2 page 138
Possible answers:
medicine: advances in 3-D imaging
home: solar roof. low-flush toilet, stand-up desk
space: SpaceX, Mars Rover,International Space Station transport: microcars, e-bikes, boosted skateboards. driverless cars
entertainment: HD TV, Bluetooth, smart watch3-D glasses
computers: tablet computers, the Cloud
agriculture: hydroponics, genetically engineered seeds
Exercises 3-4 page 138 Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 139
1 which/that. D: relative clause: which is based on the rough patterns on a shark's skin
2 which,ND: relative clause: which filters out harmful radiation
3 who.ND; relative clause: who often have to lift people out of burning buildings or cars
4 who. D; relative clause: who are unable to walk
5 which,ND; relative clause: which makes it possible to
build objects using layers of liquid plastic
Exercise 2 page 140
Possible answers:
1 Scientists have already developed new robots which/
that are able to do dangerous work.
2 There is a great deal of technology to help elderly people
who may have trouble doing some tasks by themselves.
3 There is a huge amount of new investment in biofuels.
which are cleaner and more sustainable than fossil fuels.
4 The Bionic Car has a special design which/that makes it more fuel efficient.
5 Important research is being done by scientists at the
University of Cambridge, who hope to publish it next year
Exercise 3 page 141
Positive arguments: 1, 5. 7.8; Negative arguments: 2,3,4.6, 9,10
Exercise 4 page 141
Possible answers.
1 The main advantage of 2 The main worry about 3 A real beneft of 4 The main disadvantage of5 One bad thing about
Exercise 1 page 142
1 The hook is that ideas from nature are used in a huge range of everyday products. It is not a very strong hook and does not really grab the reader's attention.
2 The background information consists of definitions of
the terms mimic and biomimicry.
3 The topic is the influence of biomimicry. The point of
view is that it can be seen in many everyday products. We don't know how many paragraphs there will be,but each paragraph will probably discuss a different product
Exercise 2 page 143
1 The hook is a question: "What will the world of the next generation look like?'It gets your attention by making you start thinking about the topic
2 The background information consists of two opposing views about the role of technology.
3 The topic is predictions about the uses of innovations in technology. The point of view is that there are
advantages and disadvantages to innovation. We know there will be three body paragraphs and each one will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a different prediction.
4 Possible answer: The second introduction is probably more interesting. as it has a stronger hook and a thesis statement which clearly shows what the following paragraphs will discuss.
Exercises 1-10 pages 143-144
Answers will vary.
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Exercise1
Answers will vary.
Exercise2
1essential 2artihcial 3equipment 4 movement5illustrate 6prevent 7object 8unlimited
Exercise 3
Answers will vary.
Exercise 4
1 100% 2 20% 3 90% 4 50% 5 0%
Exercise 5
1trans2un 3en4pre 5dis 6de7re
Exercise 6
1Sentence12Sentence33historical information.4the Lego brand.5 reasons for the popularity of Lego
Unit 7
page 147
1The photo shows a man working as a fashion designer
2-4 Answers will vary.
Exercises 1-2 page 148
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 149
Answers will vary, Possible answers
1tis famous for selling high-quality, handmade men's suits
2 She is a tailor. She is the first female Master Tailor on Savile Row./ She is the first woman to have her name above the door on Savile Row.
3 More women are becoming tailors; more women are
getting more important jobs.
Exercise 4 page 149
1T
2F:Women have always worked on Savile Row
3T
4F: Last year, more than 65% of new tailors were female.
5T
6F: Kathryn has the same values and principles as the other Savile Row tailors.
Exercise 5 page 149
1become a Master Tailor
2women in the industry
3rising to more prominent positions
4we all know each other
make it to the top: to become the head of a business/ very successful in your work
a sign of the times: something that has changed because society has changed
behind the scenes: in a business, where the customers cannot see
network: a group of people who work together on cooperate for professional purposes
Exercise 6 page 149
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 150
a season b manufacture c volume d collection e cotton f invest g brand
Exercises 2-3 page 150
Possible answers:
1 Inexpensive clothing that is sold briefly for a short period in stores and then replaced with other styles
2 In some shops they change frequently, while luxury
brands usually only have a new collection each season.
3 Frequent style changes make shoppers want to buy more. This can have a positive effect on the economy.
Exercise 4 page 152
a 4 b 2 c not mentioned e 3
Exercise 5 page 153
2 High-end fashion Fast-fashion designs that are
unpopular are withdrawn in less than a week.
3 Traditional Fast fashion is good for the manufacture
because of the greater volume of sales.
4 The biggest problem with fast fashion is the theft of ideas the impact of wasted clothes on the environment
5 Cotton growers need to produce more, so they have to use fewer more chemicals.
6 Designer clothing is popular with poorer wealthy shoppers.
Exercise 6 page 153
1Ahmet 2Carmen 3Sara 4Fatima; Many people agree with her opinion about protecting the Earth.5Jasmine; People dislike her wasteful attitude.
Exercise 7 page 153
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 154
1multinational 2wages 3conditions 4textiles 5outsource 6offshore 7import
Exercise 2 page 154
Possible answers:
1 Because labour costs are lower and sometimes environmental regulations aren't as strict
2 Multinational companies bring more jobs to local workers. Workers pay taxes, and this enriches the country.
3 Sometimes, working conditions are bad and workers
are paid low wages.
Exercise 3 page 155
1It is about using offshore production to keep costs down in the textile industry.
2 Supporters claim it helps local economies. The writer is against it. In the thesis statement. the writer says that she thinks outsourcing is harmful.
Exercise 4 page 156
Arguments for outsourcing:
Provides jobs at higher wages than local workers can make in agriculture.
People in developing countries often line up to take jobs in multinational factories.
Overseas factories have become safer and more ethical in recent years.
Arguments against outsourcing: Most workers are paid by the piece.
Working conditions in many offshore factories remain uncomfortable and unsafe.
Workers often work 14 hours a day and earn less than€100 a month
Worker protection laws, like those in developed nations, often don't exist or are not followed.
Exercise 5 page 156
1 €29 billion 2 Multinational 3 40 4 don't exist or are not followed 5 117 6 economist
Exercise 6 page 157
1fact 2 writer's opinion 3fact 4 fact 5 fact 6writer's opinion
Exercise 7 page157
Answers will vary
Exercise 1 page 158
a supplier b designer label c overseas d consumer
e advertising f competitor g labour h manufacturing
Exercise 1 page 159
Possible answers:
4 earn less than €100 per month
5 textiles workers
6 most workers are paid by the piece
supporting argument 2: Overseas factories have become safer and more ethical in recent years.
8 now provide day-care centres
9 work conditions remain uncomfortable and unsafe
10 worker protection laws often don't exist
11 workers are exposed to chemicals, dust and unsafe noise levels
author's conclusion: The arguments for of T shore
production do not justify the low wages and dangerous conditions seen. The author believes the multinational
companies should use a much higher share of their profits to correct these problems.
Exercise 2 page 160
facts: 2.6.9.10;statistics:3.4.5 expert opinions:1; quotations:7
examples: 8,12; personal experience: 11
Exercise 3 page 160
1 Facts were used the most in Reading 2. Facts present a more convincing argument.2-3 Answers will vary.
Exercise 4 page 160
1F 2A 3A 4A 5F 6F 7A 8A 9A10F
Exercise 5 page 160
Against: The arguments against far outweigh the arguments for.
Exercise 6 page 160
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 161
1 instead of: preference2due to;reason3because of; reason 4in spite of contrast 5along with;addition
Exercise 2 page 161
1 in addition to /along with2 instead of/ rather than3 Other than/ Apart from/Except for4 Due to /Asa result of/ Because of5 rather than / instead of
Exercise 3 page 162
1Instead of 2In addition to 3In spite of 4except for 5along with
Exercise 1 page 162
b
Exercise 2 page 163
Some magazines and designers have recently begun promoting a more positive and realistic body-image in their products.
Exercise 3 page 163
Possible answers:
Leading fashion magazines encourage a healthier
approach to body image; some fashion companies use realistic models; there is a quote from Pierre Dupont about representing all body shapes.
Exercise 4 page 163
Answers will vary.
Exercise 5 page 164
Possible answers:
1 in favour, claim/argue; has a positive impact on
2 Critics/Opponents; argue3 point out; is an important factor in; because
Exercise 6 page 164
Possible answers:
1 it is important to the economy2 it creates new jobs
3 it brings investment to developing countries
4 it pays overseas workers badly; encourages child laboun5 it causes too much waste
Exercise 7 page 164
1 Traditionally (example)-transition between ideas;
fashion retailers- synonym for fashion industry one - pronoun referring to clothing collections
Nowadays - transition between sentences or ideas:in contrast- transition between ideas: they-fashion industry
2 the same outfits - synonym for sets of clothes;
This- refers to earlier idea; clothing- repetition of noun; Furthermore. transition between ideas
so quickly - refers to earlier idea: and - transition between ideas: that - refers to earlier idea
Exercise 8 page 165
1this 2change 3them 4ones 5they 6This7 that 8Inaddition 9these 10Meanwhile
Exercises 1-7 pages 165--166
Answers will vary.
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Exercise1
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2
1imports 2textiles 3season 4brands 5offshore 6volume 7invest 8conditions
Exercise 3
Answers will vary.
Exercise 4
1overseas2manufacturing 3supplier 4designer labels 5advertising 6labour 7competitor8 consumer
Exercise 5
1 a.transitions between sentences or between ideas;
b. repetition of nouns or use of synonyms;
c.pronouns that refer back to nouns in earlier sentences2 a.transitions between sentences or between ideas
b. repetition of nouns or use of synonyms;
c.pronouns that refer back to nouns in earlier sentences3 a.transitions between sentences or between ideas:
b. repetition of nouns or use of synonyms;
d. this/ that/ these / those to refer to earlier nouns or ideas.
Unit 8
page 169
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 170
Possible answers:
1 New York, London, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Singapore
2 Possible answers: People lose their jobs. / People don't
have money. / Banks and businesses fail.3 Answers will vary.
Exercise 2 page 170
1 There was a financial disaster / stock market crash.
2 in the US/ New York /on Wall Street
3 along time ago
Exercise 3 page 170
Answers will vary.
Exercise 4 page 171
1c 2e 3d 4a 5b Exercise 5 page 171 Possible answers:
1(Tuesday) October 29,1929 2 They fell by 90%
3 They failed 4 Wall Street, New York5 Computers and electronic boards
Exercise 6 page 171
Possible answers:
1 Yes
2 Because the economies of countries are connected. The
Us lent money to Europe after World War l and when
the US economy collapsed, money stopped being sent to Europe and economies in European countries collapsed as well, resulting in job losses.
3 Computers let people get information quickly. More
people can get stock information with computers.
Exercise 7 page 171
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 172
a interest rate b return c stocks and shares d investor e value f recession g investment
Exercise 2 page 172
1Possible answers: stocks, bonds, real estate. gold jewels coins, art
2-3 Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 174
two popular investments; the price of gold over time? classic cars as an investment the risks of investing
Exercise 4 page 174
Paragraph 1: two popular investments Paragraph
2: the price of gold over time Paragraph
3: classic cars as an investment Paragraph 4: the risks of investing
Exercise 5 page 174
1$1.087 an ounce2In 2012. It cost $1,664 an ounce.3 The price will remain in the same range4 $13,0005 about S1million6S4.1 million
Exercise 6 page 174
Possible answers:
1 The stock market, because historically it has brought in higher returns than gold.
2 Probably yes, because it costs money to keep them
in excellent condition, and because investors have to guess which car is going to become valuable. The Aston Martin's high value was mainly due to its connection to the James Bond films.
3 Answers will vary.
Exercise 7 page 175
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 175
a savings b standard of living c factor d expenditure e income f percentage
Exercise 2 page 176
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 176
1 Many people are actually poorer than they were10 or 20 years ago.2income number of people in family, costs for housing, utilities, food, medical bills education, etc.
Exercise 4 page 176
Answers will vary.
Exercise 5 page 176
b
Exercise 6 page 176
1b 2a 3b 4b 5a
Exercise 7 page 178
Possible answers:
1 Japan, the United States. (West) Germany, France. Italy
2 rising populations in cities as more people move to
cities: lack of investment in building new houses and apartments by businesses and governments3 $14,750 (25% of income)
Exercise 8 page 178
Possible answers.
1less, because wages have decreased or stayed the same and expenditure has increased
2 probably not,because the stock market is risky
3 Answers will vary
Exercise 1 page 178
Possible answers:
1economy (n) the system by which a country produces and uses goods and money
economic (adj) relating to money, industry or trade
2 finance (n) the control of how large amounts of money should be spent
financial (adj) relating to money or how money is managed3 wealth (n) a large amount of money or valuable possessions that somebody has
wealthy (adj) having lots of money or possessions; rich4 poverty (n) the condition of being extremely poor poor (adj) having very little money or few possessions
5 value (n) how much money something could be sold for valuable (adj) worth a lot of money
6 employment (n) the fact of somebody being paid to work for a company or organization
employed (adj) working for a company that pays you a wage
7 profession(n)a type of work that needs special training or education
professional (adj) relating to work that needs special training or education
8 expense (n) the money that you spend on something expensive (adj costing a lot of money
Exercise 2 page 179
1economy 2fnancial 3wealthy 4poverty 5valuable 6employment 7Professional 8expensive
Exercise 3 page 179
1markets 2purchase 3consumers 4trend 5demand 6Revenue 7supply
Exercise 1 page 180
1 expenditure in five key categories as a percentage of income
2 the numbers represent percentages of income
31998-2016
4 There are five categories of expenditure: housing (dark red; food (pink); transport
(green): entertainment (blue); and health (orange)
512.5%
6 decrease
7 There was a slight upward trend, which was shared by most of the types of expenditure. However. entertainment remained relatively stable.
Exercise 2 page 181
Possible answers.
1 Between 2000 and 2006, expenditure as a percentage of income generally went down for housing. food and transport. From about 2006. these same categories started to increase in general. There are many possible reasons for this change. Housing prices go up when
there aren't enough affordable houses and apartments Transport costs go up when the price of oil increases or people live farther from their places of employment Food prices are affected by the weather, for example in years when there is not enough rain, crop yields are lower and food becomes more expensive.
2 Housing. Housing costs are affected by availability, bank interest rates, changes in the stock market and global events. Housing prices are very sensitive to changes in any of these factors.
3 Entertainment. This is a non-essential and a small Dart of most people's budget. Health costs were also fairly stable.
4 The percentage that Americans spent on all categories went up. This trend is probably part of the normal rise and fall in prices.
5 It is lower than it was in 1998
Exercise 3 page 182 Possible answers.
1 The red line = total money made from the sale or rental of physical DVDs. The blue line = total money made from hlms and TV shows that can be downloaded or streamed2 2010 to 20193 The numbers represent millions of
dollars. The highest dollar amounts are at the top. 42014
Exercise 4 page 182
116,000 25.000 32019
Exercise 5 page 182
1(1) video streaming(2) DVDs
2 Possible answer: Reasons could include the loss of physical stores as customers have increasingly moved online. Also, improved computer processing speeds have enabled higher quality streaming so people are more motivated to use a streaming service as opposed to an actual DVD. There is also an element of convenience to streaming services, where all the content is in one place.
3 Because video streaming sales matched DVD sales. then overtook them into 2015 and beyond
Exercise 1 page 183
1a 2f 3d 4c 5b 6e
Exercise 2 page 183
2a dramatic fall 3a slight decrease 4a gradual increase 5aconsiderable fluctuation
Exercise 3 page 184
1from; to; of 2from; to; of 3From; to / Between; and from:to 4between;and 5from:to
Exercise 4 page 184
1nearly 2over 3around; about; approximately 4under
Exercise 5 page 184
1g 2d 3e 4a 5c 6b 7f
Exercise 1 page 185
a2 b1 c2 d2 e3 f2
Exercise 2 page 185
Exercise 3 page 185
Possible answers:
1 The graph shows that sales of both phones increased over a period of time, but then decreased over a number of years and look set to decline further.
2 Both phones showed an initial increase in sales before
declining. Sales of phone A started to decrease earlier than phone B. Sales of phone B reached a peak of250.000. whereas sales of phone A only reached
200.000. In the first few years. phone A sales increased more sharply than phone B sales
Exercise 4 page 186
1In conclusion, the combination of rising prices and falling incomes has left many people with less spending power
than they had in previous decades.
2In conclusion
3a;d
Exercises 1-10 pages 187-188
Answers will vary.
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Exercise1
Answers will vary.
Exercise2
1expenditure 2percentage 3interest rate 4standard of living 5 recession 6factor 7investment 8value
Exercise 3
Answers will vary.
Exercise 4
1economic 2fnancial 3wealth 4poverty 5valuable 6employed 7professional 8expense
Exercise 5
1supply 2consumer 3trend 4market 5revenue 6demand 7purchase
Exercise 6
1a sharp decrease 2rose sharply 3a gradual decrease 4fell slightly 5fell dramatically 6fluctuated considerably
