UNIT 9 COMING TO AMERICA

Adverbial Clauses and Phrases,

Sentence Connectors So/Such . . . That

Reading 1

COMPREHENSION p.253

1. T 2. T 3. F

THINK ABOUT IT p.253

Answers will vary.

EXERCISE 2 p.254

1. because 2. even if 3. While 4. so that 5. After 6. Even though

7. because 8. When 9. since 10. because 11. until 12. because

13. unless 14. After 15. When 16. so that

EXERCISE 3 p.254

1. R 2. Cd 3. T 4. P 5. T 6. Ct 7. R 8. T 9. R 10. R 11. T 12. R 13. Cd

14. T 15. T 16. P

9.2 Reason and Purpose

EXERCISE 4 p.255

1. (in order) to 2. because/since 3. So (that) 4. Because of 5. so (that)

6. because of 7. (in order) to 8. Because/Since 9. (In order) To

10. because 11. for

EXERCISE 5 p.256

Possible answers:

1. so that 2. because/since 3. Because of 4. for 5. so (that) 6. (in order) to

7. so (that) 8. because/since 9. because/since 10. so (that) 11. because of

12. Because/Since

ABOUT YOU p.256

Answers will vary.

Reading 2

COMPREHENSION p.258

1. F 2. F 3. T

THINK ABOUT IT p.258

Answers will vary.

9.3 Time Clauses and Phrases

EXERCISE 6 p. 258–259

1. when 2. for 3. During 4. for 5. during 6. while/as 7. while/when

8. While/As 9. until 10. Since 11. When 12. when13. while

14. since 15. When/Whenever

EXERCISE 7 p.259

1. When 2. When/Whenever 3. for 4. When/Whenever 5. When

6. during 7. When 8. While/As 9. until 10. Since/Ever since 11. since

12. for 13. While/When 14. during 15. until

ABOUT YOU p.260

Answers will vary.

9.4 Using the -ing Form after Time Words

EXERCISE 8 p.261

1. While running from their homes, they saw many

dangerous animals.

2. The Lost Boys went to Kenya before coming to the U.S.

3. While living in Kenya, they studied English.

4. Before coming to the U.S., the Lost Boys had never used

electricity.

5. Deng learned how to use a computer after coming to

the U.S.

6. Before finding a job, Deng got help from the U.S.

government.

7. Deng went back to South Sudan after graduating from

college.

8. While studying for his degree, Deng raised money for a

school in South Sudan.

Reading 3

COMPREHENSION p.263

1. F 2. T 3. F

THINK ABOUT IT p.263

Answers will vary.

9.5 Contrast

EXERCISE 9 p. 263–264

1. Even though 2. although 3. In spite of the fact that/Even though

4. Although 5. In spite of the fact that

EXERCISE 10 p.264

1. In spite of the fact that 2. In spite of 3. In spite of the fact that

4. in spite of the fact that 5. in spite of 6. in spite of 7. In spite of

8. In spite of the fact that 9. in spite of the fact that

EXERCISE 11 p.264

1. Even though 2. In spite of the fact that 3. Although 4. even though

5. in spite of 6. even though/although

Reading 4

COMPREHENSION p.266

1. F 2. F 3. T

THINK ABOUT IT p.266

Answers will vary.

9.6 Condition

EXERCISE 12 p.266

1. continues; will be 2. goes; will increase 3. are; will be needed 4. will get, increases 5. will be, continues 6. will forget, encourage

EXERCISE 13 p.267

1. Immigrants can’t become American citizens unless they

pass a test.

2. Visitors can’t enter the U.S. unless they have a passport.

3. Immigrants will continue to come to the U.S. unless

conditions in their native countries improve.

4. In the 1800s, Southern farmers couldn’t prosper unless

they found a new crop to grow.

5. Foreigners cannot work in the U.S. unless they have

permission.

EXERCISE 14 p.267

1. If 2. If 3. unless 4. unless 5. unless 6. If 7. if 8. unless

ABOUT YOU p.268

Answers will vary.

EXERCISE 15 p.268

Possible answers:

1. the weather is cold 2. your accent isn’t perfect

3. you make (grammar) mistakes 4. you don’t have to pay rent/they don’t charge you for rent/you live there for free

5. you’re an American/you’re an American resident/you’re a resident

Reading 5

COMPREHENSION p.270

1. F 2. T 3. T

THINK ABOUT IT p.270 

Answers will vary.

9.7 Sentence Connectors

EXERCISE 16 p.271

1. However 2. Furthermore/Moreover 3. As a result 4. However

5. For example 6. In addition 7. Nevertheless 8. First, Furthermore

9. However 10. Nevertheless 11. Therefore/As a result 12. However

13. However 14. Moreover/Furthermore 15. In fact

EXERCISE 17 p.272

Answers will vary.

9.8 So . . . That/Such . . . That

EXERCISE 18 p. 273–274

1. so many 2. such a 3. so 4. so many 5. so 6. so much 7. so many, so much 8. such a 9. so 10. so few 11. so little

EXERCISE 19 p.274

Answers will vary. The connectors used should be:

1. so 2. so 3. such a 4. such a 5. so many 6. so little

REVIEW p.277

1. for 2. to 3. to 4. so 5. For example 6. so that 7. In fact

8. In addition/Furthermore 9. Although 10. since 11. Even though

12. In fact 13. In spite of 14. Because 15. However 16. Furthermore

17. However, 18. Until 19. In spite of the fact that 20. because of

21. until 22. Although

EDITING PRACTICE p279

1. to 2. C 3. Even though/Although 4. Therefore/; therefore 5. (in order) to 6. C 7. coming 8. would be 9. C 10. In addition/ Furthermore/Moreover

11. (in order) to 12. C 13. class because 14. so that we could get together

15. C 16. Ø 17. such a 18. C 19. However/Nevertheless 20. so 21. save

22. Ø

UNIT 10 CHILDREN

Noun Clauses

Reading 1

COMPREHENSION p.283

1. F 2. T 3. T

THINK ABOUT IT p.283

Answers will vary.

10.1 Noun Clauses

EXERCISE 1 p.284

1. T 2. T 3. F

EXERCISE 2 p.284

1. Do you know that 2. I didn’t realize that 3. I’m not so sure that

4. I think that 5. don’t forget that 6. I hope 7. I predict that 8. I hope so

EXERCISE 3 pp. 284–285

Answers will vary.

ABOUT YOU p.285

Answers will vary.

EXERCISE 4 p.285

Answers will vary.

Reading 2

COMPREHENSION p.287

1. T 2. F 3. F

THINK ABOUT IT p.287

Answers will vary.

10.2 Noun Clauses as Included Questions

EXERCISE 5 p. 288–289

1. where 2. if/whether 3. why 4. if/whether 5. how much 6. if/whether

7. what 8. how many 9. what 10. how 11. if/whether 12. who 13. where

14. whether 15. when/if/whether

EXERCISE 6 p.289

1. who has an app to check their teenager’s driving habits.

2. what happens if teenagers text while driving?

3. how many teenagers are involved in accidents each year.

4. who invented this app.

5. which parents use this app.

EXERCISE 7 p.289

1. when your sister will get her driver’s license

2. why teenagers are so careless?

3. why scientists are studying the teenage brain.

4. when teenagers can get their driver’s license in this state.

5. when the brain is fully developed.

EXERCISE 8 p.290

1. how scientists study the brain.

2. why teenagers take risks.

3. when you got your driver’s license.

4. how new technologies affect driving habits.

5. how Professor Steinberg studies the teenage brain.

EXERCISE 9 p.290

1. if teenagers drive too fast.

2. if/whether teenagers understand the risk.

3. if/whether your son’s cell phone has this app?

4. if/whether you drove carefully when you were a teenager?

5. if/whether the brain develops completely by the age

of 20.

EXERCISE 10 p.291

1. where you are going.

2. why you need to use the car.

3. what time you will come back home.

4. if/whether there is going to be another teenager in the

car (or not).

5. if/whether your friend has permission from his parents

(or not)?

6. where your friend lives.

7. if/whether I ever met this friend (or not).

10.3 Question Words Followed by an

Infnitive

EXERCISE 11 p.292

1. to get 2. to do 3. to compare 4. to begin 5. to write 6. to make 7. to chat

8. to do

ABOUT YOU p.292

Answers will vary.

Reading 3

COMPREHENSION p.294

1. T, 2. F, 3. F

THINK ABOUT IT p.294

Answers will vary.

10.4 Exact Quotes

EXERCISE 12 p.294

1. The young pianist asked, “Can I keep playing, Mom?”

2. His mother said, “Don’t practice too long or you’ll give

yourself a headache.”

3. The child said, “Today I’m going to start writing an

opera.”

4. “That’s a wonderful idea,” said his father.

5. “Parents can dramatically influence systems in their

child’s brain,” wrote child psychologist Margot

Sunderland.

6. “Your son is doing well,” said the psychologist, “but

should keep doing his exercises.”

10.5 Exact Quotes vs. Reported Speech

EXERCISE 13 p.295

Last week my daughter’s teacher called me at work and

told me that my daughter had a fever and was resting in

the nurse’s office. I told my boss that I needed to leave work

immediately. He said that it would be fine. As I was driving my

car on the highway to the school, a police officer stopped me.

She said that I was driving too fast. She said that I had been

going ten miles per hour over the limit. I told her that I was in

a hurry because my daughter was sick. I said I needed to get

to her school quickly. I told the police officer that I was sorry,

that I hadn’t realized I had been driving so fast. She said she

wouldn’t give me a ticket that time, but that I should be more

careful in the future, whether my daughter was sick or not.

ABOUT YOU p.295

Answers will vary.

10.6 Reported Speech and the Sequence of

Tenses

EXERCISE 14 p.297 

1. I was the love of her life. 2. I would always be her baby.

3. I had an easy life compared to his. 4. they had had a much harder life.

5. they wanted me to be happy. 6. I had to listen to my teacher.

7. I could be anything I wanted if I studied hard.

8. they didn’t want me to make poor choices.

9. he (had always been/was always) a good student.

10. they would always love me.

11. I should follow my dreams.

12. I could get my driver’s license when I was sixteen.

13. I should have studied harder.

10.7 Say vs. Tell

EXERCISE 15 p.298

1. told 2. said 3. said 4. told 5. said 6. said 7. said 8. told 9. told 10. told 11. said 12. told

EXERCISE 16 p.299–300

1. Lisa said that she needed to put the kids to bed.

2. Lisa told her son that she would read him a story.

3. Lisa and Paul said that they would take their kids to the park the (next/following) day.

4. Lisa said that the children had gone to bed early the night before.

5. Lisa and Paul said that their son wanted them to read him a story.

6. Lisa told the teacher that her son’s name was Tod.

7. Tod told his mother that he didn’t want to go to bed.

8. Tod told his teacher that he could write his name.

9. Tod told his father that he couldn’t sleep.

10. Tod told his friend that he loved his new bicycle.

11. Tod told his father that he wanted to watch a program on TV.

10.8 Exceptions to the Rule of Sequence of

Tenses

EXERCISE 17 p.300–301

1. wanted 2. would 3. needed 4. were 5. could 6. watch 7. needed

8. wanted 9. will/would 10. ate/had eaten 11. shouldn’t eat 12. have

10.9 Reporting an Imperative

EXERCISE 18 p. 301–302

1. The mother told her kids to study for their test.

2. The son asked his mother to give him a cookie.

3. She told the babysitter not to let the kids watch TV all day.

4. The girl asked her father to buy her a doll.

5. The mother told her kids to eat their vegetables.

6. The father told his daughter to help him in the garage.

7. The girl asked her parents to take her to the zoo.

8. The dentist told the boy to brush his teeth after every meal.

9. I told my parents not to spoil their grandchildren.

10. The girl asked her mother to comb her hair.

11. The father told his daughter to do her homework.

12. The father told his teenage daughter not to come home late.

13. The father told his teenage son to drive safely.

10.10 Using Reported Speech to Paraphrase

EXERCISE 19 p. 302–303

1. said 2. would 3. said 4. she 5. couldn’t 6. told 7. would 8. her 9. told

10. to read 11. her 12. she 13. had seen 14. tell 15. don’t/didn’t 16. was

17. was 18. to call 19. them 20. had to 21. they 22. would 23. had started

24. couldn’t 25. not to 26. was 27. they 28. didn’t 29. me

30. had forgotten31. they 32. would 33. me 34. the following

35. didn’t 36. wasn’t 37. I 38. would 39. my 40. told 41. didn’t/don’t 42. will/would

FUN WITH GRAMMAR p.303

Complete story:

When I was a child, many people told me to smile more. I didn’t realize I wasn’t smiling. Many people also said, “Why are you looking down?” After a while, I wondered why I wasn’t doing these things. I soon discovered that I couldn’t see well, so I asked my parents to take me to the eye doctor. After I got glasses, I noticed that people were right! There was a lot to see by looking up, and this made me smile.

Reading 4

COMPREHENSION p.305

1. F 2. T 3. F

THINK ABOUT IT p.305

Answers will vary.

10.11 Noun Clauses after Past-Tense Verbs

EXERCISE 20 p.305

1. Sesame Street would be such a popular program.

2. early education could be fun.

3. small children were watching a lot of TV.

4. she could help kids prepare for school.

5. kids didn’t have the attention span to watch a one-hour program.

6. kids had become fearful after September 11.

7. they should address kids’ fears.

8. their kids could learn at home.

9. Alma was gifted.

10. a young girl could write and perform such complex music.

10.12 Noun Clauses as Reported Questions

EXERCISE 21 p.307

1. if/whether I had seen the September 11 episode.

2. how much TV my kids watched.

3. if/whether they liked Sesame Street (or not).

4. why this show was so popular.

5. if/whether he had ever seen the show (or not).

6. how long Sesame Street had been on TV.

7. if/whether she liked Big Bird (or not).

8. if/whether Jim Henson was still alive (or not).

9. how Sesame Street handled/ handles scary situations.

10. if/whether Sesame Street had/has made any changes in

the past fifty years (or not).

11. if/whether the Muppets would hold kids’ attention (or not).

12. if/whether Sesame Street had been the first educational

TV program for kids (or not).

13. how long Sesame Street would last.

EXERCISE 22 p.308

1. I wanted 2. if I should 3. wanted 4. if I could 5. I wanted 6. would

7. I had 8. whether/if 9. knew 10. had 11. would 12. if I would

13. if/whether 14. would have 15. whether or not 16. wanted

EXERCISE 23 p. 308–309

Possible answers

1. would be 2. if 3. would give 4. would make 5. what 6. would be

7. would work/would be working/would be busy

8. would find/would meet 9. would meet 10. was 11. didn’t know

12. how/if 13. would like 14. if/whether 15. could 16. would be 17. could

18. were19. was 20. were 21. didn’t want/didn’t allow/didn’t let 22. was

ABOUT YOU p.309

Answers will vary.

REVIEW p.311

1. what to do

2. whether to go to college or not

3. (that) she had the same problem when she was my age

4. if/whether I had ever heard of this program

5. (that) I hadn’t

6. (that) she had lived with an American family for a year

7. that her English had improved a lot

8. how much this program would cost me

9. (that) I would earn about $200 a week

10. if/whether the work was very hard

11. (that) it was

12. (that) it was very rewarding

13. (that) I was thinking about going to the U.S. for a year

14. not to go

15. (that) I was too young

16. that I didn’t have any experience

17. (that) I had babysat our neighbors’ kids many times

18. (that) they would agree

19. (that) I wouldn’t be accepted

20. not to worry

21. (that) I would e-mail them almost every day

22. what (I had) to do

23. if/whether I had to wait for them at school

24. while the kids were in school, I could take English classes

25. (that) I didn’t have enough money to pay for school

26. that they would pay for my classes

27. (that) we would stay in touch

28. (that) I’ve become more mature

29. if/whether this experience is for everyone

EDITING PRACTICE p. 312–313

1. that 2. C 3. C 4. would 5. asked me if/whether I could 6. told me to call

7. not to 8. had done 9. told me/said 10. C 11. C 12. if I could 13. C

14. if/whether I had gotten 15. C 16. it was 17. C 18. Ø/that 19. C 20. C 21. that/Ø 22. tell me/say 23. why 24. C 25. I should/to 26. C 27. C 28. C