RISE AND FALL 1
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. The Ancient Greks, the Romans, the Aztecs,
the Incas, Rapa Nui
2. Many were conquered by other civilizations.
Others maybe succumbed to disease or
famine.
1A SECRETS OF THE MAYA
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): they built pyramids; they
developed a writing system; they had a
calendar system
B. Possible answer(s): I think cenotes were
important as a water source.
Reading Comprehension
A.1.c (Para A);2.b;3. a;4. a;5.c (Para l);
6.d (ParaJ); 7.a
B.1.b;2.a;3. C;4.g;5.e
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): 1. They could have acted
as a sundial and timekeeper. 2. They were a
place to make offerings to their water god and
give thanks for a good harvest. 3. They were
the door to Chaak' s world.4. They are the only
permanent source of fresh water. 5. They may
have determined where to site buildings.
Reading Skill
A.1.b;2.d;3. c;4.a
B. 1. T;2. F (During the sun' s zenith, its rays are
vertical.);3.F (It' s 70 meters from ground level
to the bottom of the cenote,);4. T;5. F (The
broken jaguar man was found on the floor of
the cenote.)
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. flourished; 2. grueling; 3. demise;
4. inspected; 5. soil
B.1. jump in suddenly; 2. religious leader,
3. klling; 4. parts that form it; 5. enters it
C.1. journey; 2. training; 3. schedule
1B THE COLLAPSE OF ANGKOR
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Jayavarman I; northern Cambodia; 1300s
B. foreign invaders, a religious change of heart,
a shift to maritime trade; Possible answer(s):
disease, climate change, natural disaster,
migration
Reading Comprehension
A.1.b;2. c;3. c;4.d;5. d;6. d (ParaL); 7. b
B.3. "Theravada Buddhism gradually took over
from Hinduism, and its principles of social
equality may have threatened Angkor' s elite"
(Para E);5. "The most logical explanation is
that the dam failed" (Para K); 6. "The world
around Angkor was changing. Society was
moving on. It would have been a surprise if
Angkor persisted." (Para N)
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): 1. Ayutthaya conquered
Angkor. 2. Buddhism gradually took over from
Hinduism and threatened the elite in Angkor
and might have led to a worker rebellion.
3. The system of canals might have failed, and
there was no longer a steady supply of water.
Possible answer(s): I think drought is a big
problem in the world today that threatens
many modern civilizations.
Reading Skill
A.1.f;2. b;3. e;4.c;5.a;6. d
B. Possible answer(s): may have, some, not likely,
might have, maybe, most likely
C. I think the most likely argument is climate
change, which resulted in a lack of food.
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. mechanism; 2. channels; 3. dispersing;
4. reservoirs
B.1. cleverness; 2. destroyed; 3. after; 4. harsh;
5. weaken; 6. by force
C.1. regalia; 2. regimented; 3. regulations;
4. regularity
VIDEO LEGACIES OF THE MAYA
Answer Key
Before You Watch
A.1.c;2.d;3. a;4. b
B.1. Mexico and Central America;
2. 250 -900 AD; 3. corm; 4. drought
While You Watch
A. See answers in Before You Watch B.
B.1. 40; 2.50,000; 3. pyramid temples;
4. zero; 5. calendar system; 6. pottery;
7.900; 8. volcanic eruption; 9. seven million;
10. agricultural
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): My grandmother and I make
traditional food that has been passed down from
my ancestors. We also wear traditional dress at
ceremonies and celebrations.
HIGH ACHIEVERS 2
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. sking, snowboarding, mountain climbing,
rock climbing, abseiling
2. Mountains are steep, so it' S exhausting to
go up. Snow can be icy and dangerous.
Avalanches are possible. There is less oxygen
at higher altitudes. The terrain is difficult.
2A THE SKY RUNNER
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): physically fit, strong leg
muscles, stamina and endurance, big lungs,
patience and tolerance
B. Possible answer(s): She had to overcome her
family' s expectations that she would stay
in her vllage and continue doing what all
females before her had done.
Reading Comprehension
A.1.b;2. b (Para A);3.C;4. a;5.d;6.b;7.c
B.1. conventional; 2. bags of rice; 3. training;
4. first trail race; 5. potential; 6. role models;
7. gender equality
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Malala Yousafzai is another
strong woman who became successful after
overcoming hardships in her life. She has
become an activist for female education and
even won the Nobel Peace Prize after having
been shot by the Taliban in her native Pakistan.
Reading Skill
A.1.a;2.b;3.b;4. b;5. b
B.1. know one' S place; 2. on a mission;
3. at a snail' s pace
C. Possible answer(s): 1. My best friend passed
her exam, against all odds! 2. My brother
broke the mold when he decided to open his
own company instead of finishing college.
3.I' m on a mission to get a good job when I
graduate.
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. merely; 2. rural; 3. throughout 4. gear;
5. pace
B.1. humble; 2. pursue; 3. odds; 4. stereotype;
5. persistent
C.1. merely stopped; 2. merely trying;
3. merely mentioning
2B THE FREE SOLOIST
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): The rock face is very steep,
and he has no rope. It’s very dangerous. He
might get tired and fall at any point.
B. Possible answer(s): stamina, endurance,
strength, determination, will, grit, willing to
take risks, bravery
Reading Comprehension
A.1.d;2.c3. d;4. b;5. b (ParaH);6.c; 7.a
B.1.h;2.f;3.c;4.e;5.a;6.g;7.d;8. b
C.1. hailed; 2. lash; 3. squint; 4. jerky
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I think Honnold' s main reason
was to prove to himself that he could do it. In
paragraph」, the author says that he doesn' t
think Honnold wanted to do it on a whim or
boast about it, so I don' t think the main reason
was for "reckless showmanship."
Reading Skill
A.1.c2.c;3. d;4.a
B. Possible answer(s): I don' t think the focus is
on whether Honnold completed the climb
successfully. The focus is on what went into
the planning and training to prepare for this
challenge.
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. contemplate; 2. ascended; 3. artificial;
4. delicate; 5. plummet 6. stamina
B.1. scheme; 2. devoid of; 3. successive;
4. tackle
C.1. price; 2. popularity; 3. temperatures
VIDEO SOLOING SAFELY
Answer Key
Before You Watch
A.1.b;2.c;3. d;4.a
B. Possible answer(s): They could climb in
small groups or pairs. They could put a net
underneath to catch them in a fall.
While You Watch
A. climbing over water, climbing over a net
B.1. Maddaloni mentions sneezing to show how
dangerous free soloing is. If you sneeze, you
might fall and die. 2. He wanted to push the
physical and mental challenge. 3. He set up a
trapeze net. 4. He' s not like the main group of
climbers.
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Yes, I think many climbers
would be inspired by the movie to free solo.
Positive: It could challenge them and push
them outside their comfort zone.
Negative: It' s very dangerous, and they may
not prepare adequately.
Possible answer(s): I think promoting extreme
sports can be a problem because more
resources need to go into rescuing those
athletes that get injured. Also, more people
will die as a result.
SCIENCE AND PROGRESS 3
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. Scientific facts are difficult to dispute. Science
gives us tools to prove why things are as they
are, and to make advances in technology.
2. Science has not yet fully answered the question
of how life began on Earth. We also do not yet
know if there is life elsewhere in the universe
3A THE AGE OF DISBELIEF
Answer Key
Before You Read
1. Possible answer(S): They are concerned that
vaccines are not safe, and believe that these
vaccines are poisoning their children.
2. Possible answer(s): It' s easy to get
misinformation on the Internet. People don' t
trust the government or scientists. Example
of skepticism: Modern biology makes no sense
without the concept of evolution, but some
people believe that creationism should be
taught as an alternative to evolution.
Reading Comprehension
A.1.d;2. d (Para M);3. b (Para G); 4. C (Paras H
and );5.c (Para J);6.b; 7.d
B. Egalitarian: b, f, g; Hierarchical:a, d, e;
Both: C
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I believe that wealthy people
should pay higher taxes, the government
should regulate industry, and we should accept
the findings of climate scientists. All of these
things are necessary for a society to function as
a whole and make the world a better place.
Possible answer(s): I am more of an
egalitarian / community-minded person.
Possible answer(s): Yes, unfortunately the
world today is much more polarized than ever
before. It' s easier to divide people into these
two groups.
Reading Skill
A.1.b;2. b;3. c;4.a;5.c
B.1. Doubters have declared war; an evil villain
had put something in the water; 2. images
of mad scientists running wild; 3. a cluster of
cancer cases .... caused the cancers; 4. She has
personal experience with this: ..
C. Possible answer(s): Figurative language is used
to make the reader feel a stronger connection
to the text. These examples help the reader
see the author' s point of view,
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. fundamental; 2. exposed; 3. implication;
4. retain; 5. consensus
B.1. has strict rules; 2. banks and universities;
3. different than; 4. clear
C.1.b;2.c3. a
3B GOALKEEPERS FOR THE PLANET
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): 1. ending poverty and
hunger, providing quality education to all;
2. getting access to modern energy for all;
achieving gender equality
B. Possible answer(s): I predict we have made
the most progress in reducing poverty and
providing quality education.
Reading Comprehension
A.1.a;2. b;3.d (Para D);4. b;5. C;6.c (Para F);
7. a
B.1. F (It was produced by the Gates
Foundation.); 2. NG; 3. F (As the century
moves forward, over half the young people
will be there, but this is not the case now,);
4. T;5. F (Poverty has decreased.);6. F (It is
below the world average.); 7. NG
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I think the most important
goals for my country are Goals 3, 4, and 13.
Goal 1: Good Health and Well Being: We should
provide after-school programs so children will stay
off their devices and provide healthy eating classes
and sports activities. We should also provide
more support for the elderly to be involved in
their communities. Goal 2: Quality Education:
We need to provide support to inner city schools
and make further education courses accessible to
people living in poverty. Goal 3: Climate Action:
We should provide more tax incentives for clean
energy, and make solar panels more affordable.
Reading Skill
A.1.a;2. b;3. d;4.c
B. Possible answer(s): 1. In 2015, at the United
Nations, world leaders adopted 17 Sustainable
Development Goals. 2. We think that the news
isn' t really out there. We want to make sure that
we hold people accountable for that progress.
3. but they have learned the lessons of what
has helped people make progress from around
the world; 4. That' s one of the longest standing
pieces of global health research we have ..
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. investments; 2. instability; 3. initiative;
4. productive; 5. outlier
B.1. accountable; 2. initially; 3. intervention;
4. innovation; 5. Dynamics
C.1. take the initiative; 2. global initiatives;
a lack of initiative
VIDEO ENERGY ENTREPRENEUR
Answer Key
Before You Watch
A.1. The forests are being lost and smoke from
indoor cooking causes respiratory diseases.
2. This could be addressed by finding cleaner
fuels for cooking which does not involve
cutting trees down.
While You Watch
A. Sanga Moses' S company turns farm waste into
clean cooking fuel. His products have helped
to reduce the number of trees being felled for
firewood, have enabled farmers to make some
money from their farm waste, and helped
local women to earn a living by selling the fuel
back to their community.
B.1. He saw that his sister was unable to go
to school because she had to collect wood
for fuel, and he wanted to improve people' s
lives. 2. One of his university professors was
supportive, asking his class who could help
Sanga fix the energy crisis. 3.16.6 million
households 4. environmental benefits: cleaner
fuel and stopping deforestation; economic
benefits: farmers and local people can earn a
living; educational benefits: more children in
education
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I think Sanga Moses faced
many challenges to try and solve Uganda's
energy crisis. He first had to quit his job to
start the project, and find people who could
help him achieve his idea. He had a very small
amount of money to finance the project, and
had to sell his belongings. He had to figure
out how to turn farm waste into a cheap and
clean fuel. Finally, he had to persuade the
local community of the benefits of using this
alternative fuel.
Possible answer(s): I think the most difficult
challenge must have been to develop the fuel
so that it was cleaner, cheaper, and preferable
to firewood. A lesser product would have been
more difficult to sell to poor communities.
SAVING CITIES 4
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. New Orleans, the coasts of Florida,
start the project, and find people who could
help him achieve his idea. He had a very small
amount of money to finance the project, and
had to sell his belongings. He had to figure
out how to turn farm waste into a cheap and
clean fuel. Finally, he had to persuade the
local community of the benefits of using this
alternative fuel.
Possible answer(s): I think the most difficult
challenge must have been to develop the fuel
so that it was cleaner, cheaper, and preferable
to firewood. A lesser product would have been
more difficult to sell to poor communities.
SAVING CITIES 4
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. New Orleans, the coasts of Florida,
Bangladesh, and Mozambique
2. People might need to evacuate, roads can be
washed away, and houses can be damaged.
4A CITY UNDER SIEGE
Answer Key
Before You Read
A.1. 20,00.000; 2. 25 cm; 3. feeding pigeons
B. b
Reading Comprehension
A.1.c;2. C;3. a;4. b;5. b (Para H); 6. b (Para D);
7.a
B.1.b;2.c;3. a;4.b;5. a
Crtical Thinking
Possible answer(S): Positive: tourists bring
money; Negative: tourists leave trash behind,
they are replacing the locals, everything is for
sale, the city is only affordable to the rich and
elderly, it' s too crowded
I don' t think the positive effect of tourism
outweighs the negative. If locals are pushed
out of Venice, the city will become a museum
to the past and won' t be a real working city.
Reading Skill
A.1.L;2.F;3.L;4.L:5.L;6.L 7.F;8. F
B.1. mirage, head: a; 2. just short of the
stratosphere: b; 3. surged, schools, snapping
up, wake: a; 4. theme park for the rich: a
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. framed; 2. inflicts; 3. elevated;
4. implemented; 5. inadequate
B.1. so-called; 2. maximize; 3. sentimental;
4. complement; 5. impose
C.1. complimented; 2. complement;
3. complement; 4. compliments
4B RISING SEAS
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): Coastal communities
may suffer damage due to rising sea levels
and will need to consider ways of protecting
themselves.
B. Storm of the Century: the damage Hurricane
Sandy caused; Coastlines at Risk: ways
to try and prevent coastal storm damage;
Retreat from the Coast: moving away from
coastal areas; Dutch Lessons: how the Dutch
reduced their threat by building a sea barrier
Reading Comprehension
A.1.a;2. d (Para A);3.d;4.a;5. b;
6.b (Para N); 7.a
B.1.h;2.f;3.a;4.e:5.b;6.d;7.g;8.c
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): If I were Mayor of New York
City, I would want to try to prevent another sea
surge by putting in local measures to help each
area, such as dams, dikes, and levees. Another
possibility is building storm-surge barriers in
areas where they would be most effective. I think
increasing the height of sea walls and building
a chain of barrier islands might be too costly for
the length of the coastline.
Reading Skill
A. Main Argument: First sentence of the
excerpt. Supporting Details: Columbia
University geophysicist Klaus Jacob sees most
of Manhattan' S population fleeing to higher
ground .. At different times in different
countries, engineering solutions will no longer
be enough. ..
Reading Skill
A. Main Argument: First sentence of the
excerpt. Supporting Details: Columbia
University geophysicist Klaus Jacob sees most
of Manhattan's population fleeing to higher
ground ... At different times in different
countries, engineering solutions will no longer
be enough.
B.1. Possible answer(s): very important;
dramatically, will drastically, if not sooner,
people will have to, we' II have to, we may
have to, will no longer be; 2. Possible
answer(s): There is no source information in
the first sentence. I would like to know how
we can change course and what will happen
if we don' t. What scientific evidence is there
to prove this assertion? 3. Wanless: He works
at the University of Miami' s Department of
Geological Science so his opinion is valid.
Klaus Jacob: He is a geophysicist at Columbia
University so his opinion is valid. 4. Possible
answer(s): When I read the main argument
in the first sentence, I thought the author
sounded biased due to the pessimistic
language used. He does back up his claims
with expert opinions though. Maybe he
could have given other expert opinions with
different ideas and views.
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. envision; 2. vulnerable; 3. dire; 4. take for
granted; 5. withstand; 6. retreat
B.1. follow; 2. determined; 3. away from;
4. increase
C.1. take advantage of,; 2. take for granted;
3. take it seriously; 4. take sides
VIDEO HURRICANES
Answer Key
Before You Watch
A.1.c;2.d;3. b;4.a
B.1. warm;2. "eye" ; 3.74; 4. storm surges
While You Watch
A. Check answers in Before You Watch B.
B.1. late summer; 2. thunderstorms; 3. ring of
clouds; 4. potential damage; 5. the equator;
6. early warning
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): volcanoes, tornadoes,
earthquakes, tsunamis, forest fires
Possible answer(s): I think a tsunami can kill
thousands of people. The terrible tsunami in
2004 klled more than 230,000 people.
ENERGY CHOICES 5
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. Fossil fuels, solar power, wind power, nuclear
power; fossil fuels are still used the most in my
country, but wind power is becoming more
important.
2. The advantages are that renewable energy is
unlimited and is also kinder to the environment
than fossil fuels; the disadvantages are that
they can be weather dependent and the initial
set-up costs are high.
5A OUR ENERGY DIET
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): I drive myself to school
everv dav. I use air conditionina in the summer
and central heating in the winter, I have a
lamp by my desk and turn lights on when
I'minaroom,andIhaveafridgethatis
constantly running.
B. Possible answer(s): 1. The author wants to see
if he and his wife can track and cut back their
CO2 emissions for one month.2. He found
out that with little or no hardship and no
major cash outlays, they could cut day-to-day
emissions of CO2 in half- -mainly by using less
energy at home and on the highway.
Reading Comprehension
A.1.b;2. c;3.a (Para C);4. d (ParaE);5. d;
6. b; 7.d
B.1. one;2.80;3. 13; 4.30;5. two; 6. 32;
7.50
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I think it would be easiest
to require that all students recycle by installing
recycling bins throughout the school. It might
also be easy to require all food and drink be
locally sourced by only providing that type
of food in the cafeteria (although the cost to
students could be greater). It would be most
challenging to stop using fossil fuels, because
changing the current heating system would
involve a major overhaul. I think providing
incentives to walk or cycle to school could have
the greatest impact because this could result in a
reduction in the number of car journeys and the
amount of fossil fuel used.
Reading Skill
A. Possible answer(s): The author performed
an experiment to see how much he and
his wife could reduce their carbon emissions.
They analyzed where their main sources of
energy loss were and started to make changes
in order to meet their goal.
B.1.fa;2.cg;3.d,e;4. b, h
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. threshold; 2. incentive; 3. commonplace;
4. audit; 5. obstacles
B.1. utility; 2. appliances; 3. mode; 4. compact,
commute
C.1. present; 2. major; 3. overcome
5B PLUGGING INTO THE SUN
Answer Key
Before You Read
A.1.27 percent; about 7 percent; 2. It is much
higher than the United States (12 percent) and
China (21 percent).
B. Possible answer(s): the weather, the funds
available for the financial investment, the
willingness for people to make the switch
Reading Comprehension
A.1.c(Para D);2. d:3.b;4.c;5.c6.a;7.c
B.1.b;2.f; 3.a;4.d;5.c
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): ldealist: People who are
concerned about the environment; people
who feel that ethically and morally we must
find a way to reduce our dependence on nonrenewable
fossil fuels. Some incentives could be
to produce material to prove how solar power
will work and create ways to make it affordable
for everyone. Financially -motivated: People
who want to reduce their bills or make money
from having a PV system. Some incentives could
be to give them tax breaks and other financial
programs to show them they can benefit
financially.
Reading Skill
A. Germany:a, b, f, g; USA:C, e, h; Both: i;
Neither: d
B. Possible answer(s): I think the solar energy
industry in Germany is more advanced and
widespread than it is in the United States. The
initial investment costs are coming down in
the United States though, so I think it might
be possible for the United States to catch up.
Because it is such a vast country with large
areas of sunshine, perhaps they could be
energy leaders in the future (so long as the
government is able to see the importance of
protecting the environment).
C. Possible answer(S): My country offers tax
incentives for people to install solar panels
on their roofs and buy cars that are hybrid or
run on battery power. If you own this type
of car, you can drive in special lanes with less
traffic. There are also incentives to buy energy
efficient appliances and lightbulbs.
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. renewable; 2. ingenious; 3. circulates;
4. offset; 5. premium
B.1. deadline; 2. subsidy; 3. yield; 4. panel;
5. subtract
C.1. unbelievable; 2. unrespectable,
disrespectful, disrespectable; 3. indescribable;
4. subconsciously, unconsciously;
5. reorganization, disorganization;
6. unequally, inequality
VIDEO ECO-DETECTIVES
Answer Key
Before You Watch
A.1.b;2.d;3. C;4.a
B. Possible answer(s): make sure hot and cold
air cannot leak out, use energy efficient
lightbulbs and appliances, use solar panels to
collect energy from the sun
While You Watch
A.1,4
B.1. houses and buildings; 2. The outside of
the freezer feels too cold. 3. appliances that
continuously use energy; 4. It doesn' t need a
furnace.
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): To make my home more
energy efficient, I could get energy-efficient
appliances and lightbulbs, only use the heating
at certain times, take shorter showers, unplug
appliances, seal doors and windows, and use
solar panels.
SURVIVAL AND PROTECTION 6
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. Asian elephant, Bengal tiger, rhino, bluefin
tuna, Irawaddy dolphin, mountain gorilla,
poison dart frog, polar bear, snow leopard,
sloth. They are endangered because they are
losing their habitats.
2. I think all animals should be equally protected.
The challenge is to make people aware of and
care about the smaller animals.
6A QUICKSILVER
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): tuna is a popular food,
it' s a big powerful swimmer; overfishing is
probably its biggest threat
B. Possible answer(s):The King of Fish: Bluefin
tuna are large and powerful. Tagging a Giant:
People catch and tag the huge fish. Bluefin
Migration: bluefin tuna movements around
the world; Uncertain Future: the possibility
that the bluefin tuna will become extinct
Reading Comprehension
A.1.c;2. d;3. b;4.c; 5. d (Para K);
6.c (Para N); 7.a
B. 1. They need to be moving through the water
in order to extract oxygen from it. 2. cranial
cavity, red muscle, and internal organs;
3. large tail, tapered body, and fins pull in;
4. A mackerel swims side to side, and it has
less red muscle.5. They stabilize the fish.
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): The relationship between
humans and tuna lately has been detrimental
to the bluefin. They are among the most
overfished species. If more than a handful
are to see the 22nd century, things have to
change before they plunge past the dotted
line representing sustainable yield and are
headed for zero.
Possible answer(s): Ban all commercial
fishing of bluefin tuna: pros: the numbers
will start to increase; cons: people will eat
other fish, which means another species may
become endangered; Protect key bluefin
tuna habitat areas: pros: they' II be able
to thrive; cons: there may then become an
overabundance of tuna, which could harm the
ecosystem; Forbid restaurants and stores
from selling bluefin tuna: pro: people will
stop expecting to eat tuna; cons: there will be
an ilegal market for tuna; Only use bluefin
tuna from sustainable fish "farms" : pros:
the fish will be cheaper and easier to control;
cons: the fish might not be as healthy and it' s
an unnatural environment for them
Reading Skill
A.1.a;2.a;3.a;4. b;5.a;6.b; 7.b;8. a;
9.b;10.b
B.1. (n) time period when something significant
happened; 2. (n) enclosure full of water for
a sea creature; 3. (prep) such as;
4. (adj) obvious
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. startling; 2. collaboration; 3. Scholars;
4. detrimental; 5. hauled
B.1. protection; 2. no one lives; 3. mix together;
4. sudden and violent; 5. worrying
C.1. turbulent; 2. disturb; 3. perturb
6B BUILDING THE ARK
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): 1. Zoos can keep
endangered animals safe and encourage them
to breed.2. cost, how endangered the animal
is, climate, space
B. Sumatran rhinoceros: Cincinnati Zoo;
American bison: Bronx Zoo; red wolf: Miller
Park Zoo, Kihansi spray toad: Bronx Zoo; Amur
leopard: San Diego Zoo
Reading Comprehension
A.1.c;2.c (Para B);3. b;4.a (Para H);5.d;6.c
(Para K); 7. b (Para M)
B.1. conservation; 2. expensive; 3. large; 4. save;
5. declared; 6. habitat; 7. cells; 8. vials
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Arguments for saving
a few large, popular species: people love
them and will donate a lot of money to
survival efforts; they may be better studied and
understood so saving them might be an easier
task; Arguments for saving many smaller
unpopular species: people can learn to love
them; it may be cheaper and easier to save a
smaller species; by saving many species it helps
keep a wide diversity of species
Reading Skill
A.1.a;2.b;3. b;4.a;5. C
B.1. self; 2. earth; 3. write; 4. study of;
5. sound; 6. distant; 7. hear; 8. speak;
9. carry; 10. feel; 11. earth; 12. see
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. shrinking; 2. struggle; 3. imminent;
4. refuge; 5. extinction
B.1. supplement; 2. captive; 3. state- of-the -art;
4. tide; 5. Oblivion
C. about to happen; approaching; forthcoming;
impending; looming
VIDEO LIFE ON ICE
Answer Key
Before You Watch
A.1.e;2.d;3.h;4.f;5.a;6.c7. b;8.g
B. Possible answer(s): 1. Researchers can use the
frozen samples at any time in the future to
do genomic or toxicology work, for example.
2. The specimens are stored in liquid nitrogen
at -190*.
While You Watch
A. See answers in Before You Watch B.
B.1. sequencing the genomes; 2. liquid nitrogen;
3. painless; 4. silk and poison; 5. drying and
pinning; 6.200,000-500,000
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I think using zoos as modernday
conservation "arks" is the best way to
conserve animals as long as all animals are given
an equal chance.
HUMAN BODY 7
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. People can use smart devices to monitor
their health. Lost limbs can be replaced with
prosthetics. Doctors use advancements in
medical technologies in surgery.
2. People might be able to have "bionic" body
parts, which will allow them to push past
human strength as we know it today.
7A SECRETS OF THE BRAIN
Answer Key
Before You Read
A.1. Possible answer(s): Brain researchers might
hope to learn about how the brain functions,
where memories are stored, how involuntary
movement occurs, and how people think in
different ways. 2. Possible answer(s): A greater
knowledge of the brain could help cure
certain medical conditions. It could predict
how different groups of people might react
to certain situations.
B. Possible answer(s): I think the passage will
be about a man who had his brain studied in
detail, and what the findings were.
Reading Comprehension
A.1.c (Para q); 2. d;3. b (Para H); 4. a (Para K);
5.c6. d (Para P); 7. d
B. 1. radio signals; 2. electron microscope;
3. grain of salt; 4. neurons; 5. MRI scanner;
6. transparent; 7. motor cortex; 8. full-body
exoskeletons
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I don' t think I could sit still
and stay calm for as long as Zimmer did. So I
wouldn' t do it. / I think this research is really
exciting. ' d love to see a map of my brain
showing all the nerve fibers.
Possible answer(s): If the test or procedure was
noninvasive, I might consider it if I felt strongly
that it could help someone.
Reading Skill
A. is then used, are put in order, is built, is
revealed; the scientists
B. 1.a;2.a;3.b;4.a;5. a
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. forefront; 2. organ; 3. neural; 4. originate;
5. scrutinize
B.1. never; 2. abnormally; 3. difficult;
4. beautifully; 5. impressed
C.1. detail; 2. opportunity; 3. scale
7B HUMAN BIONICS
Answer Key
Before You Read
A.1. Possible answer(s): 1. A robot arm that
replaces a lost limb; perhaps your brain sends
signals that the arm can sense, in order to
make it move; 2. Possible answer(s): It must be
very difficult to make the arm move the way
you want it to move.
B.1. She lost her arm in an accident. 2. make
a sandwich; feel how hard she' S grabbing;
differentiate between materials she touches;
pick up small objects; 3. feel sensation; clap in
time to the songs the children are singing
Reading Comprehension
A.1.a;2. b;3. d;4. b(Para F);5.c;6.a;7.a
B.1. phantom; 2. bionic arm; 3. nerve fibers;
4. tingles and twitches; 5. lifelike; 6. tools;
7. trials
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s):1.3;2. 3;3.2;4.1;5.2.
Possible answer(s): I don' t agree much with
any of the statements. I think bionic limbs
are great tools for people who have suffered
a loss of a body part. I don' t think they' II be
used by choice to improve the lives of people
who don' t need them.
Reading Skill
A.1.F;2. O;3.F;4.F;5.O;6.0;7.F;8.0
B.2. Tommy Kitts; 5. the author; 6. Kuiken;
8. Joseph Pancrazio
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. sensations; 2. intricate; 3. embedded;
4. compatible
B.1. simple and basic; 2. sensible; 3. better;
4. small, quick; 5. given to; 6. qualification
C.1. reason; 2. concern; 3. data; 4. point
VIDEO A GIANT STEP
Answer Key
Before You Watch
A.1.b;2. d;3. a;4.c
While You Watch
A.1. in a motorcycle accident; 2. stand and walk;
3. position his feet to support himself and
maintain his balance; 4. It' s overwhelming, but
it makes her feel her son is whole again.
B.1. an important moment; 2. not likely to
succeed; 3. doing well; 4. doing something
amazing
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): exploration: humans
could survive in space; military: bionic eyes
could see in the dark; medical: people could
have new working body parts; sports: people
could be stronger and fitter than ever before;
transportation: people could fly
Possible answer(s): Bionic technology isn' t
natural, and it could create a new subset
of humans.
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 8
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. concern about style (haircut, clothing, body
image), celebrating events, humor
2. apes, elephants, wolves
8A THE GENIUS OF SWARMS
Answer Key
Before You Read
Possible answer(s):
A.1. advantages: They attack together so
they stay safe. They help provide warmth
and locate food more easily in a group.
disadvantages: There is competition for food
and space.
B. Maybe researchers are interested to see
if there are similarities between the social
behavior of insects and that of humans.
Reading Comprehension
A.1.b;2.a;3.c4.c5.b;6. c;7.c
B.1.b;2.b;3. c;4.a;5.c;6. b
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s):
Collaborative encyclopedias like Wikipedia are
a good example. Government by democracy is
also a form of collective intelligence.
The results are usually positive. An exception,
for example, could be when people in a
country elect a leader who doesn' tdo a
good job.
Pros: Huge numbers of people use the
Intermet, so applying the ideas of swarm
intelligence should be very effective. Cons:
Fake news and false conspiracy theories
spread quickly via the Internet. An online
"swarm”of people who believe false
information cannot really be considered
intelligent.
Reading Skill
A.1.c2.c;3. b;4.b;5. b
B. Students'
own answers
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. territory; 2. coherent; 3. aggregate;
4. criteria; 5. protocols
B.1. imitate; 2. index; 3. procedure; 4. faculty;
5. code
C.1. whole; 2. message; 3. strategy
8B OF ANTS AND HUMANS
Answer Key
Before You Read
A.1.b;2.c3.a .
B. Possible answer(s): how Wilson became
a naturalist, similarities between ants and
humans, Wilson' s opinion on young people
today, lessons we have learned from ants,
whether ants be saved from extinction
Reading Comprehension
A.1. b (Para C);2. d (Para E); 3. a (Para F);
4. C (ParasIandJ);5. b;6. C; 7. b (Para M)
B.1.T (Para B); 2. NG (Para E); 3. NG;4. T (Para K);
5. NG; 6. NG; 7. F (Para R: They are all female);
8.T
Critical Thinking
social behavior; division of labor
Possible answer(s): I think ants are similar
to humans in two ways. We live together in
social groups, and we can share jobs to get
the work done.
Reading Skill
A.1.b,d;2. b,c;3.b,c;4. b,e
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. exemplify; 2. solitary; 3. fatal; 4. organic
B.1. different from; 2. the same; 3. real;
4. an extreme; 5. produce young; 6. unselfish
C.1. accident; 2. ilness; 3. shootings
VIDEO CRANE MIGRATION
Answer Key
Before You Watch
A.1.e;2.c;3.a;4.d;5. b
B.1. migrations; 2. coexist; 3. resilience;
4. adapted; 5. abundant
While You Watch
A. See answers in Before You Watch B.
B.1. at least 10,000 years; 2. eating and
socializing with other cranes; 3. grain from
corm; 4. loss of their habitat; 5. They' re
arriving about 30 days earlier than they
did 20 years ago.6. They were overhunted
and lost a lot of habitat, so the United
States legislated to protect them and other
native birds.
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Sandhill cranes might use
swarm intelligence for their migration patterns,
finding food, and protecting themselves.
CREATIVITY 9
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. artists such as da Vinci, Monet, van Gogh, and
Matisse
2. I think you need to be born with the desire to
create, but the skill with which you express
your creativity can be learned in classes such
as art, music, or dance.
9A DECODING LEONARDO
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): He painted the famous
Mona Lisa, and he was also an inventor and
drew sketches of many different machines.
B. Possible answer(s): Mona Lisa, Virgin of the
Rocks, The Last Supper, the bronze horse, his
sketches for innovative machines
Reading Comprehension
A.1.b;2.c;3. d;4.c (ParaL);5.d;6.a;7.a
B.1. (Vinci) 1452, countryside; 2. (Florence) 6;
3. (Milan) 1482, self- portrait, notebooks;
4. (Florence) 1513, mural; 5. (Rome) 1513;
6. (Amboise) 1519
Critical Thinking
painting: Mona Lisa, Virgin of the Rocks,
The Last Supper; sculpture: bronze horse;
engineering / architecture / science: parachute,
landing equipment, aerial screw, armored
carriage, sail shredder, giant crossbow
Possible answer(s): In my opinion, the
accomplishment that stands out above the
others is engineering, because I believe he was
the first person to consider modern-day flight.
Possible answer(s): I think Bill Gates excels
in multiple fields, because he' s a computer
genius as well as a philanthropist.
Reading Skill
A.1. 2; 2. armored carriage; 3. by including a
man inside it
B. 1.a;2.a;3.a;4. b
C. Possible answer(s): I think there weren' t the
resources needed to build them, they weren' t
realistic for the time, and people didn' t take
them seriously.
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. commissions; 2. concurrently; 3. denying;
4. drafts; 5. preliminary
B.1. academy; 2. parameter; 3. implicit;
4. arbitrary; 5. ideology
C.1. access; 2. payment; 3. opportunity
9B THE POWER OF WRITING
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): My language is similar to
English because it conjugates verbs and it uses
perfect tenses. Verbs come after subjects, too.
It is different from English because nouns are
either male or female, adjectives come before
nouns, and there are more letters in the
alphabet.
B. Possible answer(s): the history of writing, the
history of letters, tools used to write
Reading Comprehension
A.1. b (Para B);2. a;3. d (Para E);4. C (Para F);
5.C6.a(ParaM);7.d(ParaR)
B.1.e;2.c3.b;4.a;5.d;6.c7.a;8.b;9. e;
10. d
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Pros: reduced cost; less
pollution; it can be reused; Cons: made with
plastic; people like traditional pen and paper;
I think overall it will have a positive effect
on writing.
Possible answer(s): I think writing will be
condensed into a form of shorthand. There
might be one universal alphabet, so all
languages are written in the same way.
Reading Skill
A.1. Sumerians; 2. 3,500; 3. Latin; 4. 5th
century; 5. Aristotle; 6. standard writing
system; 7. pages; 8. spaces between words;
9. phonetic; 10. 15th century; 11. printing press
B. Possible answer(s): I think the use of pages
and spaces between words was very
significant, and then the invention of the
printing press allowed books to be readily
accessible- which made reading a standard
practice in many communities.
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. incorporated; 2. format 3. correspond;
4. integrated; 5. duration
B.1. Literacy; 2. superior; 3. manually;
4. constraint; 5. alleviate
C.1.b;2.c3.d;4.a
VIDEO INFINITY ARTIST
Answer Key
Before You Watch
A.1.b;2. a;3.c;4.e;5. d
B.1. renowned; 2. hallucination; 3. stifled;
4. reputation; 5. installations
While You Watch
A. See answers in Before You Watch B.
B.1. It is a prestigious art prize that was given
to Kusama.2. It was part of a recurring
hallucination than inspired Kusama' s polka
dot designs. 3. Kusama moved here when
she was 27.4. They are two artists Kusama
became friends with. 5. Kusama sometimes
worked for 50 hours without rest.6. Kusama
has lived here since 1973.
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Kusama' s artistic style is
abstract and relatively modern whereas Leonardo
da Vinci had a traditional and technical style. I
prefer the work of Leonardo da Vinci as I like the
classic styles of the old artists.
NEW DISCOVERIES 10
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. He' s studying possible spacesuit materials. He' s
probably part of a team that' S planning a way
to get humans to travel to Mars.
2. I think he meant that you have to have a
reason to invent something new.
10A COSMIC DAWN
Answer Key
Before You Read
1. Possible answer(s): ALMA is different to
regular telescopes because it can detect
radiation of long wavelengths.
2. Possible answer(s): An Eye on the Heavens:
how telescopes work; The Perfect Location:
finding the best place on the Earth for ALMA:
Assembling the Array; the building of the
observatory and how scientists grouped the
telescopes together; Early Discoveries: what
astronomers have seen with ALMA
Reading Comprehension
A.1.b(Para A);2. b;3.a(Para E);4.b;5. d;
6.C; 7.a
B.1. b;2.a;3. b;4.c;5.b;6.a;7. b
Crtical Thinking
Possible answer(s): There is a salt flat in Bolivia,
which is the flattest place on earth, I' m not
sure how easy it is to get to, but I know that
the elevation is high; about 12,000 feet above
sea level. The climate is dry with small levels of
rainfall between December and February.
Reading Skill
A. Students read the text in chunks.
B. Possible answer(s): The new image / is the
stunning achievement / of the Event Horizon
Telescope project, / a global collaboration/ of
more than 200 scientists / using an array of
observatories / scattered around the world, /
from Hawaii to the South Pole. / Combined, /
this array acts like a telescope / the size of
Earth. / It was able to collect / more than a
petabyte of data / while staring at M87' s black
hole / in April 2017. / It then took two years /
for scientists to assemble the shot.
C. Possible answer(s): The scientific parts of the
passage about how telescopes work are more
difficult to read quickly because it' s important
to focus on the specific details. The parts of
the passage that are more narrative and tell
about how the site was found are easier to
read quickly.
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. operation; 2. positioned; 3. emit;
4. precision; 5. distort
B.1. companion; 2. interpret; 3. coordinate;
4. deduce; 5. prototype
C.1. omit; 2. transmit; 3. submit
10B ELEMENT HUNTERS
Answer Key
Before You Read
A.1. Possible answer(s): I know basic elements
such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen,
and iron. I know that 0 is oxygen and
H is hydrogen, and that H2O is water.
2. Possible answer(s): Maybe they want to
create new elements so that new medicines
and technology can be invented.
B.1.b;2.c;3. a
Reading Comprehension
A.1.c (Para B); 2. d (Para E); 3. a (Para N);
4. a (Para H);5.c(ParaI);6.c;7. b .
B. 1.d;2.a;3. c;4.b;5.a;6.c;7.b;8. d
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Gunpowder.lt' s an
explosive, and it' S used to fire a gun. Oil: It
does not mix with water, it' s used for heating
and cooking, and it' s a fossil fuel. Electricity:
It' s a form of energy, and it results from
charged particles. Penicillin: It was discovered
accidently, and it' S an antibiotic produced
by mold.
Possible answer(s): Gunpowder: Pros: helped
advance certain technologies; Cons: led
to deadlier weapons of war; Oil: Pros: has
helped fuel many important industries, e.g.
transport; Cons: has created large amounts
of pollution; Electricity: Pros: relatively
cheap power that can be easily delivered to
homes; Cons: mainly generated by fossil fuels:
Penicillin: Pros: life-saving drug; Cons: some
people allergic to penicllin
Possible answer(s): I think electricity has had
the greatest positive effect on the world
because it allowed people to work more
efficiently (and continue working after the sun
went down). I think gunpowder had the most
negative effect because it allowed for the
development of deadlier weapons.
Reading Skill
A.1. a. Glenn Seaborg; b. the plutonium bomb;
C. at the end of the war; 2. a. U.S. physicists;
b. rivals; C. give him a small amount of
plutonium; 3. a. Berkeley and Dubna; b. as
far as element 106; C. by shooting light atoms
against heavy ones with force; d. They created
a single superheavy nucleus.
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. quest; 2. collision; 3. bind; 4. charged;
5. attributes
B.1. disagreement; 2. win; 3. is similar to yours;
4. usually, 5. create a copy of
C.1. embarked; 2. abandoned; 3. aided
VIDEO BLACK HOLES
Answer Key
Before You Watch
A.1.b;2. a;3. d;4. C
B. Possible answers(s): You can' t see a black hole.
There' s a black hole in our galaxy. Dying stars
create black holes. Some black holes are really
big.
While You Watch
A.1. about 10- -20 times the mass of the sun;
millions; 2. millions or billions times bigger
than the sun; 3. supermassive; at the center of
the Milky Way; 4.1971
B.1. quasar; 2. accretion disk; 3. event horizon
4. singularity
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): It was such an achievement
because it meant that scientists could check if
all their theories about black holes were correct.
It was the first ever image of a black hole,
which is significant because it is a huge step
forward in technology. Scientists are interested
in studying black holes because of a desire to
push the boundaries of science. Black holes were
predicted through Einstein' s Theory of Relativity
and, ever since then, scientists have been
fascinated by them.
CULTURAL ENCOUNTERS 11
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. The mosques are the most important cultural
places in my country today because people
still use them to worship.
2. Muhammad is one of the most respected
religious leaders in my country' s history. He
was a kind, gentle, and generous man who
helped the poor and the destitute. Because of
him, we are now an Islamic nation.
11A THE WORLD OF SULEYMAN THE MAGNIFICENT
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): 1. parts of Europe, south
east of Italy, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, North
Africa to Iraq; 2. Possible answer(s): He led
the empire from 1494-1566. He expanded its
territory throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa
and created a powerful navy.
B. 1.c;2. a;3.d;4.e;5.f;6. b
Reading Comprehension
A.1.b;2.c(Para F); 3. b (ParaH);4.c;5.d;
6.a;7.d(ParaW)
B.1. the Aegean Sea; 2. horsemanship and
archery; 3. father Selim' s death; 4. God on
Earth; 5. silver coins; 6. sultan' s foot;
7. Christian defenses; 8. siege; 9. avenge;
10. heart; 11. myth
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Suleyman was a wise
leader: He had been carefully prepared for his
role as a future world leader, he ordered a tomb,
mosque, and school built in honor of his father,
and he created a new code of laws. He was
humane: He freed 1,500 Egyptian and lranian
captives, he paid back merchants for goods his
father had taken from them, and he gave legal
protection to minorities. He was known for
his piety: He consulted theologians on crucial
decisions. He was just, allowing no corruption or
injustice to go unpunished. He was generous:
He allowed knights to leave Rhodes freely within
12 days and citizens could depart at any time
within three years.
Reading Skill
A. Para A: g; Paras B-I: a; Paras J-N: f;
Paras 0 -S: e; Paras T- Z: C; Paras AA-BB: b
B. Possible answer(s): Para A: present day;
Szigetvar; Sultan Suleyman was buried here;
Paras B-: birth to 1520; the Aegean Sea,
Constantinople; Suleyman brought Ottoman
Empire to the peak of its power; Paras J-N:
popular approval; but it didn' t last long;
Paras 0 -S: during his reign; Topkapi Place;
he looked regal but we don' t know what he
was thinking; Paras T Z: during his reign;
Rhodes, Malta, Vienna, Szigetvar, 73 years
old, campaign diaries written in third person;
Paras AA -BB: 1566 to the 19th century;
Russian expansion, European dominance of
southern Asia, Mediterranean possessions
lost, the Ottoman Empire was the "Sick Man
of Europe," the people would never see his
like again
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. reign; 2. hierarchy; 3. successor; 4. infer,
5. consulted
B. 1. nostalgia; 2. confide; 3. console; 4. biased;
5. absolute
C.1. biased; 2. bias; 3. biased; 4. bias
11 B WHEN THE MOORS RULED SPAIN
Answer Key
Before You Read
A.1. creed; 2. prophet; 3. shrine; 4. clergy;
5. cathedral
B. origins of the Moors, how the Moors came to
Spain, Moorish architecture, Moorish poetry,
how the Moorish era ended
Reading Comprehension
A.1.b(ParaG);2.C(ParaG);3.a(ParaD);
4.a;5.c;6. a;7.c
B.1. Arabia; 2.638; 3. 711; 4. Toledo; 5. capital;
6. Reconquest; 7.1236; 8. southeast coast;
9. Alhambra; 10. Spanish Inquisition;
11. 1492; 12. 1609
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Language: Argentina has
a strong Spanish influence; the language is
Spanish. Food: There are many similarities with
the food. Music: You can see flamenco dancers
and hear guitars. Architecture: Much of the
historical Spanish architecture has been preserved
too. Customs: People take siestas during the day.
Reading Skill
A. Toledo: positive: liberal, tolerant; the rule
of Ferdinand and Isabella: negative: dark,
persecute, cruelty; Andalucia: positive:
warm, gentle; Cordoba: positive: blossomed,
greatest; the cathedral: negative: banal,
disappointment, commonplace; Arabic
language and poetry: positive: wealth of
vocabulary, distinctive, flowing; changes to
the Alhambra: negative: abused, eroded,
neglect, suffered; tablaos shows: negative:
threatened, commercialization, loud
B. d
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. splendid; 2. liberal; 3. initiated; 4. empirical;
5. persecuted; 6. violated
B.1.c;2.d;3. b;4. a
C.1. law; 2. privacy; 3. agreement
VIDEO CROSSROADS OF THE WORLD
Answer Key
Before You Watch
A.1.a;2.d;3. e;4.b;5. C
B.1. fusion; 2. busting; 3. divides;
4. contrasting; 5. dominating
While You Watch
A. See Before You Watch B.
B. 1. Europe and Asia; 2. boat ride along the
strait; 3.1348; 4.67; 5. church; 6. mosque;
7. museum; 8. the Bosphorus Strait;
9. checkpoint; 10. weddings; 11. 1550 and
1557; 12. Suleyman the Magnificent
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): In my city, you can see the
oldest church in the main square. It was built in
the 1800s and then extended in the early 20th
century. People have been bringing goods to sell
to the main building on the square for centuries,
and today there are open air markets and stalls
every weekend. The train station was built in the
early 1900s and is still as important today because
many people take public transportation into the
capital city, which is about 200 miles away.
PRECIOUS RESOURCES 12
Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. precious metals such as gold, silver, and
platinum; diamonds and other jewels
2. I think the resources are considered so
valuable because there is such a small supply
of them on Earth, and they are so difficult
to find.
12A GOLD FEVER
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): medical procedures,
electronics, dentistry
B.1.b;2.a;3.c;4. e;5. d
Reading Comprehension
A.1.b;2. d;3. C;4. b (Para M);5. b;
6.c (Para U); 7. b
B.1. hundred million tons; 2. practical uses;
3. gold standard / value of gold; 4. China and
India; 5.20 tons; 6. ten million weddings;
7. jewelry; 8. 1980s; 9. financial crisis
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Pros: The mine could
make a lot of money for the community, it
could create jobs, and it could mean new
infrastructure would be built. Cons: The
mine would be bad for the environment, it
could bring too much unwanted trafic and
pollution, and it would make people greedy.
Students' own answers
Reading Skill
A.1. the tales; 2. when she saw the mine;
3. the world' s richest deposits; 4. gold' s
appeal; 5. social or environmental damage;
6. three gold necklaces
B.1. legends; 2. Caterpillar / vehicle;
3. the yellow metal
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. grade; 2. auspicious; 3. depleted;
4. unrestrained; 5. filed; 6. hardship
B.1. merger, 2. explicit; 3. reprising; 4. convene
C.1. membership; 2. scholarship; 3. partnership
12B THE RUSH FOR WHITE GOLD
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): Lithium is used to make
batteries that can store a large amount of
energy. Bolivia probably wants to extract it to
make money.
B. Possible answer(s): Bolivia' S vice president
probably feels positive about lithium mining
because it will make his country richer.
Uyuni' s mayor probably feels negative about
it because he might worry the goverment
will take all the money from his people and
that the mining will destroy the environment.
The Bolivian chemical engineer probably
feels positive because he understands the
issues and the challenges and the work might
be exciting to him. The Bolivian geologist
probably feels negative because of the
environmental impact on the area.
Reading Comprehension
A.1.c;2. b;3. d (Para K);4.c:5.d;6.c; 7.a
B.1. South America; 2. Chile; 3. brine; 4. the west
C.1.R;2. O;3. Q;4. M;5. P;6.S
Critical Thinking
Dealing with waste: Government' s view:
It has a unique processing method that will
reduce waste. Expert' S view. It’S hard to
know the truth because the magnesium
content in Bolivian lithium is very high. The
regulations and laws in Argentina and Chile
are much stricter than in Bolivia. Lack of
water: Government' s view. 90 percent
will come from salt water rather than
underground. Expert' S view: They will need
vast quantities of water; more than any other
mine in Bolivia.
Possible answer(s): I think the expert' s views
are more convincing because they are realistic
and based on factual evidence.
Possible answer(s): No, I don' t think so. I worry
too much about the environmental damage
this will cause to such a remote and beautiful
place on Earth,
Reading Skill
A. Gold: a, d, g, j; Lithium:c, e, f,i; Both: b, h
B. Possible answer(S): 1. I think the extraction
of gold causes more environmental damage.
However, the full extent of lithium mining
probably hasn' t been realized yet. 2. I think
the demand for lithium will rise more in the
future as technology improves and batteries
become more powerful. 3. I would invest in
lithium because it seems to be the way of
the future.
Vocabulary Practice
A.1. rival; 2. infinite; 3. salvation; 4. proceed;
5. exploited; 6. commitment
B. 1. surprising and unknown; 2. certain;
3. varies from other forms of the same thing;
4. have doubts about
C.1.c2. d;3. b;4. a
VIDEO THE LURE OF LITHIUM
Answer Key
Before You Watch
A.1.b;2.c3.a;4.e;5. d .
B. Possible answer(s): Lithium is a heat-resistant
metal. It’s used in batteries and in the car
industry.
While You Watch
A.3. The most popular use of lithium is in
batteries. 4. Lithium melts at a very high
temperature.5. Lithium is capable of storing
large amounts of energy.
B.1.1817; 2. stone; 3. metal; 4. smartphones;
5. laptops; 6. resistant; 7. reactive; 8. energy;
9. sea water; 10. brines
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): oil, coal, uranium
Possible answer(s): I think it depends on the
rate it' s being mined, whether new stores are
found, or whether we gradually start using
less of the resource. I think oil would have
the greatest impact on the economy if it ran
out, because it is used to make plastic and
gas, which are used in so many things we
buy today.
