Unit 5
Activity 1, page 100
1. The steps in collecting data for a research study
2. ✓ Rio de Janeiro versus Tokyo as a site for the Summer Olympic Games
3. ✓ Reproductive processes of mammals and reptiles
4. ✓ Societies with small families and societies with large families
5. An analysis of voting trends and results in recent elections
in Ecuador
6. ✓ The career choice of becoming a teacher or a lawyer
7. Daily life for a student at a university
8. Information about llamas in the Andes Mountains in Peru
9. Answers will vary. 10. Answers will vary.
Activity 2, page 102
Answers will vary.
Activity 3, pages 102–105
Pre-reading questions:
Answers will vary.
Post-reading questions:
1. The purpose of this essay is to compare two different kinds
of classroom: online versus face-to-face.
2. Thesis statement: Students should not assume that either
online or face-to-face classes are superior; instead, they
should focus on what they need to learn from a particular
course and which learning paradigm will best facilitate
their education.
3. point-by-point method
4. Advantages of face-to-face classes
a. Development of communication skills
b. More opportunities for social interaction
Advantages of online classes
a. Greater convenience
b. Increased student participation
5. Answers will vary.
6. Possible answer: The writer could have discussed the
costs associated with these two kinds of courses: books,
transportation, etc.
Activity 4, page 106
Possible answers:
Title: Online and Face-to-Face Learning in the Digital Age
I. Introduction
A. Describe increasing importance of computers in education.
B. Briefly contrast online education with traditional face-to
face classes.
C. Thesis statement: Students should not assume that
either online or face-to-face classes are superior; instead,
they should focus on what they need to learn from a
particular course and which learning paradigm will
best facilitate their education.
II. Body Paragraph 1
A. Discuss convenience of online courses versus face-to-face courses.
B. Provide example of how scheduling time for online
courses is more convenient than for face-to-face courses.
III. Body Paragraph 2
A. Discuss the different rates of student participation in
online versus face-to-face courses.
B. Provide scholarly evidence that supports argument that
online courses increase student participation.
IV. Body Paragraph 3
A. Discuss the differences in face-to-face communication
in these two kinds of classes.
B. Provide example of specific classroom settings that benefit
from face-to-face interaction.
V. Body Paragraph 4
A. Discuss the need for adequate computer access and
skills to take online courses.
B. Suggest that some students spend too much time
learning how to use the computer technology rather than
concentrating on the subject matter.
VI. Body Paragraph 5
A. Discuss differences in personal relationships between
traditional and online classes.
B. Provide an example of how teachers cannot write effective
recommendation letters for students they do not know personally.
VII. Conclusion
A. Suggest that students and teachers assess their learning
and instructional styles in order to create learning
environments where everyone is likely to prosper.
B. Predict that this issue will be resolved in the future.
Activity 5, page 107
Possible answers:
1. Although Walt Disney’s theme parks in Orlando and
Tokyo share many of the same attractions, there are key
differences between them as well.
2. While soccer and rugby originated from the same sport,
they are now significantly different in many ways.
3. Despite their shared reputations as political reformers,
England’s Queen Victoria and Elizabeth II saw their position
in quite different terms.
Activity 6, page 108
1. Paragraph 2: Although face-to-face . . . Shows difference
2. Paragraph 3: As opposed to some lecture classes . . .
Shows difference
3. Paragraph 4: Another difference between these two types
. . . Shows difference
4. Paragraph 5: While face-to-face classes . . . Shows difference
5. Paragraph 6: Finally, one other way traditional classrooms
are different from online classes . . . Shows difference
6. Paragraph 7: Both face-to-face and online courses. . .
Shows similarity
Activity 7, pages 109–111
Pre-reading questions:
Answers will vary.
While-reading questions:
1. too 2. Unlike 3. whereas 4. but 5. For example
6. While 7. on the other hand 8. Thus 9. As a result
10. While 11. Consequently 12. both
Activity 8, page 111
Possible answers:
1. Egypt is not as large as Saudi Arabia.
2. The population of San Francisco is not as large as the
population of Los Angeles.
3. The heart is not as complex an organ as the brain.
4. The weather in Tokyo is not as humid as in Bangkok.
5. The economy is growing as rapidly this year as last year.
6. WW1 was as not nearly as costly in terms of lives as WW2.
7. Community colleges are not as expensive as universities.
8. Introversion does not seem to be as common as extroversion.
Activity 9, page 112
1. According to the most recent data, the population of Spain
is larger than the population/that of Greece.
2. The company’s annual report indicates excellent sales in
January, March, and July.
3. With only five days until the deadline, our team’s project is
not as good as the other team’s.
4. Many children like watching TV shows and playing video games.
5. To apply for a loan, select from our different loan packages,
fill out an application, and submit it to a loan officer at the bank.
6. According to the report, schools in California spend more
money per student than schools/those in New York.
7. For better heart health, three great forms of exercise involve
our legs: jogging, distance running, and brisk/fast walking.
8. To relax, many people like surfing the Internet, working in
the garden, and doing crossword puzzles.
Activity 10, page 113
1. vital - necessary 2. indigenous - native 3. encounter - find
4. merge - combine 5. simulate - similar 6. duplicate - copy
7. reluctance - hesitation 8. navigate - understand
9. prosper - succeed 10. isolate - alone
Activity 11, page 113–114
1. facilitate student learning 2. navigate the web site easily
3. the mass extinction of dinosaurs 4. effective planning is vital
5. an animal’s natural habitat 6. duplicate the results of an experiment
7. address a problem 8. a hospitable environment
9. a reluctance to participate 10. allocate enough time for a meeting
Activity 12, page 114
1. extinction 2. extinct 3. isolated 4. isolating 5. navigable
6. navigate 7. prosperity 8. prosperous 9. simulation 10. simulate
Activity 13, page 115
Answers will vary.
Activity 14, page 115
1. Before you start to write a paragraph or an essay, you
should make a simple outline.
2. Giraffes eat only leaves, so they usually live in areas with a
lot of green vegetation.
3. Miami may have more people than any another other city
in Florida, but the capital city has been is Tallahassee.
4. Three great gift ideas for a recent college graduate
includes the cash, clothing, and travel.
5. The article indicates how many adults have to wear glasses
or contacts for to read well.
Activity 15, page 116
Possible answers:
1. To have some quiet time before the rest of their family
wakes up and to get to their office on time, some people
wake up very early every day.
OR
Some people wake up early every day in order to have
some quiet time before the rest of their family wakes up
and to get to work on time.
2. A Boeing 737, which is one of the most common
commercial planes, seats approximately 140 passengers.
OR
One of the most common commercial planes, the Boeing
737, seats approximately 140 passengers.
3. According to a credible website, the top three names
for baby girls in England are Sophia, Olivia, and Emma
followed by Isabella and Ava.
OR
Sophia, Olivia, and Emma, followed by Isabella and Ava, are
the top three names for baby girls in England, according to
a credible website.
Activity 16, page 116–117
1. c 2. a
3. Possible answer:
People should let animals stay in their natural homes so
that these animals can survive and avoid extinction.
4. Possible answer:
One last distinction between face-to-face and online courses
is that there are more chances for students to interact and
develop relationships in face-to-face situations.
Activities 17, pages 117–118
Answers will vary.
Unit 6
Activity 1, pages 122–123
Answers will vary.
Activity 2, page 125
Answers will vary.
Activity 3, pages 126–128
Pre-reading questions:
Answers will vary.
Post-reading questions:
1. The purpose of this essay is to describe a reaction to an infographic.
2. The National Geographic graphic “Lost and Tossed” (2016)
depicts in a clear and comprehensible way the staggering
amount of edible food that is wasted each year.
3. Reaction to the quality of the graphic: clear, comprehensible
4. Reaction to the topic of the graphic: alarming
5. Thesis statement: Given that, globally, so many people
suffer from serious hunger, the information presented in
this visual is especially alarming.
6. Answers will vary.
7. Possible answer: The writer could have included
information about how much food is wasted at restaurants
and supermarkets.
Activity 4, page 128
Title: The Shocking Truth about Food Waste
I. Introduction
A. Briefly mention how precious food is for humanity.
B. Cite National Geographic’s visual of food loss.
C. Thesis statement: Given that, globally, so many people
suffer from serious hunger, the information presented
in this visual is especially alarming.
II. Body Paragraph 1
A. Most distressing revelation in the graphic: more fruits and
vegetables are lost or wasted than actually eaten
B. State that this graphic shows that all of us need to reduce
food waste.
III. Body Paragraph 2
A. Another disturbing statistic about food loss: 20 percent of
food loss happens during picking and sorting.
B. Rhetorical question: With modern agricultural
equipment and technology readily available, how is it
possible to waste that much food?
IV. Body Paragraph 3
A. Discuss how consumers contribute to food loss—20%.
B. This waste is unacceptable: it is insulting to the millions of
people who are suffering from hunger around the globe.
V. Conclusion
A. Prediction: We will be more motivated to do our part
toward reducing food waste.
Activity 5, page 129
Answers will vary.
Activity 6, page 130
1. Furthermore, along with another study (Conrad, Niles,
Neher, Roy, Tichenor, & Jahns, 2018) suggesting that
“the average person living in America wastes nearly
one pound of food daily” (14), this graphic shows that all
of us—from farmers to consumers—need to decrease food waste.
2. With regard to other parts of the graphic, another
disturbing statistic is that 20 percent of food loss happens
during picking and sorting.
3. Without a doubt, this is unacceptable.
4. Indeed, just as most people cannot imagine wasting food,
they are shocked to find out how much food is actually
wasted every day.
Activity 7, page 131
1. Long before Colgate started selling its toothpaste in the
1800s, the ancient Egyptians had a recipe for toothpaste.
2. At college, students learn key skills in order that they can
be prepared for a good job after graduation.
3. This website is especially useful for young teens even
though it was originally designed for the people of their
grandparents’ age.
4. Because the senator’s popularity is so low, it is unlikely
that he will win in the next election.
5. Even if the team wins all its remaining games, it will have a
losing record for the year.
6. Some sociologists note that the rich are getting richer
whereas the poor are getting poorer.
Activity 8, page 129–131
Possible answers:
1. Even though / Although / Though 2. When 3. because / since
4. Additionally / Furthermore / In addition / Also 5. Regarding
6. Even though / Although / Though 7. Indeed / In fact
8. Finally / In addition / Furthermore
9. While / Although / Even though / Though
10. Nonetheless / However
Activity 9, page 133
1. alarming - shocking 2. commodity - product 3. compile - organize
4. depict - show 5. edible - can eat 6. expire - end 7. rank - order
8. reputable - respectable 9. revelation - announcement
10. taken aback - surprised
Activity 10, page 134
1. eagerly await a response 2. ranked as the best in the world
3. deeply disturbing 4. compile a list 5. a recent opinion poll
6. an alarming report 7. be taken aback by surprising news
8. readily available 9. due to expire soon
10. an embarrassing revelation
Activity 11, pages 134–135
1. disturbed 2. disturbing 3. eager 4. eagerly 5. expires
6. expired 7. reputation 8. reputedly 9. reveals/revealed
10. revelation
Activity 12, page 135
Answers will vary.
Activity 13, page 135
1. Although the United Kingdom and New Zealand are similar
for in size, but New Zealand has just under 5 million people
while the United Kingdom has more than 63 million people.
OR
Although The United Kingdom and New Zealand are
similar for in size, but New Zealand has just under 5 million
people while the United Kingdom has more than 63 million people.
2. Because of Vietnam has such an incredible variety of
interesting places to see and experience, more than 10
millions tourists visit this country each year.
3. One thing that makes Arabic as a foreign language difficult
to master is that many different dialects are spoken, which
means that the Arabic in Egypt may not resemble to the
Arabic in Morocco or Oman.
4. Few people outside the city of Pittsburgh knows know
about its riverside trails where people bike or jog and
enjoying enjoy the river scenery.
5. According to a reputable higher education website, at
least 38 schools in the United Kingdom that offer courses
in chemical engineering at the undergraduate level.
Activity 14, page 136
1. It is alarming that 20 percent of fruits and vegetables are
lost during picking and sorting.
OR
The loss of 20 percent of fruits and vegetables during
picking and sorting is alarming.
2. Of the 12 verb tenses in English, one of the most difficult
for English language learners is the present perfect tense.
OR
For English language learners, the present perfect tense is
one of the most difficult of the 12 verb tenses.
3. Many people are surprised to learn (that) the three official
languages in New Zealand are English, Maori, and sign language.
OR
The three official languages in New Zealand are English,
Maori, and sign language, which many people are surprised to learn.
Activity 15, page 137
Possible answers:
Banning Plastic Straws
Should plastic straws be banned? Many environmental activists
are concerned about the number of plastic products that are
produced and then thrown away after a single use. Plastic
products disintegrate very slowly, so they can contribute to
horrible environmental problems. One example of this kind of
Problem is the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch, which is a
79-thousand-ton floating trash island. Environmentalists will
hope that if people learn that they do not need plastic straws,
they will reconsider their use of other plastic products. A vast
number of products today are packaged and sold in plastic.
Banning plastic straws will not solve this problem entirely, but
it would be a good first step.
Activity 16, page 137–138
1. b
2. c
3. Possible answer:
Beginning with the movie The Jazz Singer, actors were able
to speak their lines instead of gesturing their reactions,
which marked the end of silent movies.
4. Possible answer:
Wikipedia reports that curling started in Scotland in the
1500s and was played on frozen lakes.
Activity 17, pages 139–140
Answers will vary.
