UNIT 5 MIGRATION
THINK AND DISCUSS (page 81)
Possible answers:
1. The deer are probably heading south toward warmer
temperatures or where more food is available.
2. The photo suggests that humans have an impact on the routes
that animals can use for their migration because of things
like fences, roads, and general human development. Another
example of human impact on animal migration is when
humans build a dam in a river and fish are no longer able to
migrate naturally.
3. People might migrate for their jobs, to be near family members,
to live in a better climate, or to seek new opportunities.
EXPLORE THE THEME (pages 82–83)
1. Paul Salopek is traveling the route of early human migration
around the world. He is traveling on foot and by boat.
2. Possible answer: They may have been looking for a better
climate or animals to hunt.
3. Possible answer: He is taking the journey to retrace human
migration steps out of Africa. He is a journalist and wants to
educate and inform people about migration routes.
LESSON A
Vocabulary
B (page 84)
1. hypothesis
2. subsequently
3. perspective
4. descendants
5. ventured
6. immense
7. genetic
8. archaeologists
9. notable
10. migrated
C (page 85)
1. Possible answer: A notable discovery of the 21st century was
the discovery of water on Mars.
2. Possible answer: You can change someone’s perspective on an
issue by explaining how a different way of doing something
could affect his or her personal situation and needs.
3. Answers will vary.
4. Possible answer: The Amazon jungle and the Nile River are
immense.
5. They traveled on the Pacific Ocean for about 9,000 miles or
14,500 kilometers.
D (page 85)
1. participant
2. biologist
3. futurist
4. migrant
5. cartoonist
6. defendant
7. geneticist
8. inhabitant
E Critical Thinking: Reflecting (page 85)
1. Possible answers: It has uncovered information about where
people come from, who they might be related to, and what
types of diseases they might be vulnerable to. This research can
tell us what traits we might have inherited from our parents
and what traits we might pass on to our children.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Answers will vary.
A Listening A Podcast about Ancient Migration
BEFORE LISTENING A Predicting (page 86)
Possible answers:
1. In Europe and parts of Asia
2. The Neanderthals were pushed into smaller and smaller areas
until they finally disappeared.
3. Research shows that there is a small amount of Neanderthal
DNA in modern humans.
WHILE LISTENING
B Checking Predictions (page 86)
Answers will vary.
C Critical Thinking: Distinguishing Fact from Theory
(page 87)
1. Fact
2. Theory
3. Theory
4. Fact
5. Fact
6. Theory
D Note Taking (page 87)
1. 150,000
2. (their) mothers
3. two groups
4. 50,000
5. (ancient) human
6. southern
7. sea (route)
8. 14,000
9. land bridge
After Listening
E Critical Thinking: Reflecting (page 87)
Possible Answers:
1. The story starts about 150,000 years ago in East Africa with one
woman who, we now think, all humans are related to. Then
100 to 125,000 years ago, more than a thousand early humans
left Africa, went to the Middle East, and then separated into
two groups. One of the groups stayed in the Middle East
while the other continued until it eventually reached Australia.
Thirty thousand years ago, the Middle East group split up and
traveled in two different directions toward Asia and Europe,
where Neanderthals were already living. Then 15,000 years ago,
some people from Asia went to North America in two groups.
The first group traveled by sea and the second group a couple
thousand years later by land. Finally, people spread out all over
North and South America.
2. In 2015, more than a million refugees migrated to Europe.
Some reasons include the civil war in Syria, the ongoing
violence in Afghanistan and Iraq, abuses in Eritrea, and poverty
in Kosovo.
A SPEKING
A (page 88)
1. roughly
2. or so
3. something like
4. more than
B Personalizing (page 89)
Answers will vary.
C Critical Thinking: Making Inferences (page 89)
Possible answers:
1. She may have left the stove on. She might have forgotten to
lock the door.
2. He might have needed money to buy a drink. He could have
gone to his part-time job at the bank.
3. She might not have been offered enough money. She may
have had to move to take it.
4. There may have been a blackout. She may have forgotten to
pay the electric bill.
5. They could have wanted a better life. They may not have been
able to find jobs where they lived.
6. Someone in his family may have gotten sick.
7. The test might have been on material she had not studied.
8. It may have gone bankrupt. They may have lost their lease on
the building.
D Critical Thinking: Making Inferences (page 90)
Possible answers:
1. The early humans might have brought stone from Texas. They
may have hunted bison. They couldn’t have had a high enough
level of technology to produce metal.
2. They may have been wiped out by modern humans. The two
species might not have been able to live side-by-side without
fighting because there wasn’t a great deal of food available.
E Critical Thinking: Making Inferences (page 90)
Answers will vary.
LESSON TASK Discussing Family Origins
A–B (page 91)
Answers will vary.
VIDEO Wildebeest Migration
BEFORE VIEWING
A Critical Thinking: Interpreting a Map (page 92)
1. Kenya, Tanzania
2. Answers will vary depending on the time of year. Refer to the
map key for the correct answer.
B (page 92)
1. c
2. d
3. a
4. b
5. f
6. e
WHILE VIEWING
C Understanding Main Ideas (page 93)
1. Yes
2. No
3. Yes
4. No
5. No
D Note Taking (page 93)
1. 2,000 / 2K
2. one million / a million / 1 million / 1M / 1 mil.
3. birth
4. as fast as
5. triggers the migration
6. weakest / the weakest
7. its mother/ mother
8. rains
9. grazing
10. Serengeti
AFTER VIEWING
E Critical Thinking: Evaluating (page 93)
1. Possible Answers: Hunger and thirst, the position of the sun, or
an instinct related to the season.
2. Possible Answers:
Against: It is interfering with the wildebeest migration. The park
and its wildlife are treasures of the world and more important
than local development. Conservation is more important than
economic development.
For: Tanzania must use its resources to develop and become
successful for its people. It does not have to remain as it is to
please foreign visitors. Economic development for the people
is more important than conservation.
3. Possible Answers: Both human and animal migration involve
movement. They may both be motivated to find better living
conditions. They are different in that animals have a natural or
biological instinct to migrate, while humans usually migrate
with a purpose. Humans also migrate for economic reasons.
4. Answers will vary.
LESSON B
Vocabulary
B (page 95)
1. b
2. j
3. f
4. h
5. a
6. d
7. i
8. e
9. c
10. g
C Critical Thinking: Interpreting a Map (page 95)
1. The elk were monitored using GPS.
2. outside
3. No, they don’t.
4. It is privately owned.
5. Yes, there is.
D Critical Thinking: Evaluating (page 95)
Possible answers:
1. The person might belong to an American Indian tribe. The
person couldn’t be from the other groups because his or her
ancestors didn’t live there.
2. The person might belong to the Fish and Wildlife Service. This
could also have been said by many of the other groups.
3. The person is the owner of private land. The person couldn’t
be part of one of the government agencies because he or she
owns the land.
4. The person might work for the National Park Service, because
he or she is talking about increasing wildlife populations as
was done in Yellowstone. The person could not be a private
landowner because the increase in predator populations
requires the resources of government.
5. The person could work for the state or local government. The
person couldn’t work for the National Park Service or be a tribal
member because providing resources to towns is not one of
his or her responsibilities.
B LISTENING A Conversation about the Serengeti
BEFORE LISTENING
A Prior Knowledge (page 96)
1. Answers will vary.
2. Possible answers: The Serengeti might also have problems with
wildlife migrating outside the borders of the park. There might
also be conflicts between the government, private landowners,
and tribal people about animal resources.
WHILE LISTENING
B Listening for Main Ideas (page 96)
1. diminished
2. increasing
3. haven’t
4. maintaining their numbers
C Listening for Details (page 96)
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. NG
5. F
6. NG
D Listening for Clarification (page 97)
1. He actually crossed over into Kenya once or twice.
2. They migrate around the Serengeti and other parts of Tanzania
and Kenya.
3. It’s been diminishing and is now only half its former size.
4. There is legislation, but it’s difficult to enforce.
5. They also help the Robanda people in a number of ways.
AFTER LISTENING
E Critical Thinking: Synthesizing (page 97)
1. Possible answers: The animals need protection from poachers
and hunters as well as from environmental conditions, and
need land to live on. The people need bush meat to eat and
trade, and land to live and hunt on.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Possible answers: The Ikoma people could share their ancient
knowledge in demonstrations, sponsored by the tourism
companies, and both groups would profit. The tourism groups
could sponsor tours that included Ikoma guides. The tourism
companies could hire Ikoma people for jobs within their
organizations so they could learn the business. Problems could
arise if the Ikoma people did not agree with all of the tourist
activities the service industry wanted to implement or if the
Ikoma tried to limit tourist access more than the companies
wanted it to be limited.
B SPEAKING
A (page 98)
1. Would you like me to take your coat? /dʒ/
2. I’m not sure what you said. /tʃ/
3. Are you sure he’s your tour guide? /ʒ/
4. Why didn’t you call me sooner? /tʃ/
5. I forgot to feed your bird. /dʒ/
6. Why did you leave the door open? /dʒ/
C (page 98)
Answers will vary.
D Critical Thinking: Distinguishing Fact from Theory
(page 99)
1. Fact
2. Theory
3. Fact
4. Fact
5. Fact
6. Theory
E Critical Thinking: Applying (page 99)
1. Answers will vary.
2. Possible Answers: Problems for animals that migrate by land
include highways, fences, pipelines, housing developments,
and habitat destruction. Problems for animals that migrate by
water are water pollution, overfishing, dams in rivers, and ship
traffic. Problems for animals that migrate in the air are wind
farms, airplanes, and loss of resting areas and food sources
along the way.
3. Possible Answers: For animals that migrate on land, we can
create tunnels under highways and pipelines, build special
animal-friendly fences, create passages through housing
developments, and outlaw the destruction of their habitats.
For animals that migrate by water, we can enforce laws against
water pollution and overfishing, build fish ladders, and regulate
ship traffic. For animals that migrate by air, we can fight wind
farm development, make sure airplane flight paths don’t
interfere with migrations, and protect resting places and food
sources on the ground.
FINAL TASK A Pair Presentation on Animal Migration
A–C (pages 99–100)
Answers will vary.
