SCIENCE AND INVESTIGATION 2
THINK AND DISCUSS
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
1. Technology can reveal more evidence that helps match a criminal to a crime. Technology can be used to interpret evidence that is too small for the human eye to see.
2. In 2018, police solved a murder case after they found a photo of the suspect and the victim on social media. The murder weapon had matched an item on the suspect in the photo.
EXPLORE THE THEME
A 1. eye color, natural hair color, shape of facial features, geographic ancestry
2. age, weight, dyed hair color, facial hair
B suspect; commit; determine (Note: The verb commit is used in the unit primarily in reference to criminal behavior—commit a crime; commit
murder, commit theft, etc.).
Reading 1
PREPARING TO READ
A 1. heals
2. reveal
3. mysteries
4. detectives
5. examine
6. analysis
7. prove
UNDERSTANDING THE READING
A 1. d (See Paragraph C.)
2. a (See Paragraph E.)
3. e (See Paragraph G.)
B 1. T (Explanation: Paragraph D: …police found a pager at the scene of the crime that led them to a suspect.)
2. NG (Explanation: There is no information about them being friends or strangers.)
3. NG (Explanation: There is no information about when he bought the truck.)
4. F (Explanation: Paragraph D: The suspect admitted to giving the suspect a ride…)
5. T (Explanation: Paragraph E: This proved that the truck had definitely been to the crime scene…)
C Australia robbery evidence: c, e, i, j
Arizona murder evidence: a, f, g, h, l
Iceman murder evidence: b, d, k
D 1. 2 (believe)
2.3 (clearly show)
3. 3 (shows)
4. 2 (unlikely)
5. 3 (meant)
6. 1 (might)
7. 1 or 2 (perhaps / most likely)
E Answers will vary. Possible answers:
Certain: (Paragraph C) This proved that the suspect was at the scene of the crime; (Paragraph E) …the geneticist determined that its DNA matched the one on the truck.
Less certain: (Paragraph B) The detectives thought the leech could have attached itself to one of the robbers…;
(Paragraph D) And indeed, a palo verde tree at the scene of the crime looked like a truck might have hit it.
F Answers will vary. Possible answers:
I think he was by himself. Some thieves were planning to steal his valuables, and they shot an arrow into his back. Since he was alone and not many people go to that area, he gradually became buried in the snow.
DEVELOPING READING SKILLS
A Paragraph B: in 2009; eight-year-old robbery case; in 2001; soon after; while; then
Paragraph C: Eight years later; after; 2001
B d, e, f, g, a, c, h, b
Video
BEFORE VIEWING
A Answers will vary. Possible answers:
1. Easily visible items probably included his clothes, tattoos, tools, or anything that he had on him that was mummified with him. With technology, more detailed information about his age, facial features, height, and living relatives was obtained.
2. Answers will vary. Possible answers: Why was he in the mountains? Did his enemies kill him? Did he have a family?
B 1. nutrition
2. preserve
3. insight
4. gene
WHILE VIEWING
A 2, 3, 4, 5 (Explanation: Such an old mummy. It is the only one in this region that we have here in this region of such a high age; I think the Iceman is so special because on the one hand, he’s perfectly
preserved and he really gives us unique insights into this time that we don’t know so much about; He contains a lot of information, also on different diseases; the Iceman is one of our ancestors, and it is very interesting to understand also the past and where we came from and how they already were able to adapt to the environment.)
B Answers may vary. Possible answers:
how he died / why he died / whether there are other mummies nearby / who killed him
AFTER VIEWING
A Answers will vary. Possible answers:
Yes, I think it is necessary for scientific research. The Iceman’s body could give us valuable information that helps us better understand
ourselves and the world. / I don’t agree with doing research on a human body. I think they should respect his body instead.
B Answers will vary. Possible answers:
I think it’s likely that that he died from being shot by an arrow, but the reason for his murder is still unclear. Were his attackers stealing from him? Did they get in a fight earlier in the day?
Reading 2
PREPARING TO READ
A 1. unclear
2. mentions/mentioned, archaeologist
3. combination
4. suffered from, Moreover
5. carried out, obtain
6. sample, identity
B Answers will vary. Possible answers:
Archaeologists are trying to learn about human life in the past to help scientists understand more about human life today.Archaeologists deal with very old objects, including human remains, so it’s difficult to obtain proper evidence. First, it’s hard to find these objects. Second, the condition of the discoveries is often not great.
C 2, 3
UNDERSTANDING THE READING
A 1. E
3. K
3. C
4. H
5. D
6. F
B 1. T (Explanation: Paragraph J: While the data are still incomplete, our study also suggests that one of the mummified fetuses is Tutankhamun’s daughter and that the other may also be his child.)
2. F (Explanation: The family tree infographic shows that Tuyu was his great-grandmother.)
3. NG (Explanation: His height is not mentioned in the passage.)
4. T (Explanation: Paragraph K: Tutankhamun’s clubbed foot and bone disease may therefore have been because he had a genetic predisposition.)
5. F (Explanation: Paragraph L: After Tutankhamun’s death, a new dynasty came to power.)
C a, b, c, e, g, d, f
D 1. honor (verb): to respect
2. partial (adjective): incomplete, not whole
3. infant (noun): a newborn baby
4. siblings (plural noun): brothers or sisters
E Answers will vary. Possible answers:
More certain: (Paragraph G) …10 other mummies we believed were members of his family. / (Paragraph J) …our study also suggests that one of the mummified fetuses is Tutankhamun’s daughter…
Less certain: (Paragraph J) One of these may be the mother of the infant mummies… / …she was the daughter of Akhenaten and his wife, Nefertiti, and therefore probably was Tutankhamun’s half-sister.
F 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (See Paragraph K.)
2. Answers will vary. Possible answer: Maybe not. Hawass uses the modal may when discussing the possible causes of King Tut’s death in
Paragraph K, so I don’t think Hawass’ team has completely solved the mystery.
G Answers will vary. Possible answers:
Both: Scientists used technology such as DNA analysis and CT imaging to examine the bodies. / Scientists tried to determine Tutankhamun’s
and the Iceman’s family backgrounds. / Both Tutankhamun and the Iceman had genetic predispositions.
Examination of Tutankhamun: More information in the form of other mummies was available for scientists to study Tutankhamun.
Examination of the Iceman: Scientists hope to use information from the Iceman to better deal with diseases.
Writing
EXPLORING WRITTEN ENGLISH
A a, b, c, b
LANGUAGE FOR WRITING
B 1. b
2. c
3. a
4. b
5. c
6. b
C Answers will vary. Possible answers:
1. preference; helpful/beneficial/of use
2. ridden; vehicle/pickup/van/SUV (Explanation:
Depending on the type of truck, the synonym may change.)
3.discovery; murdered
WRITING SKILL
D a. 1
b. 7
c. 5
d. 3
e. 4
f. 6
g. 2
WRITING TASK
A Answers will vary. Possible answers:
Notes from A Body in the Mountains:Iceman was killed over 5,000 years ago; body was preserved by ice; CT scanning showed that he was shot by an arrow from behind; careful examination showed he had a previous injury that was healing; they found food in his stomach, which showed he was relaxed and not expecting to fight someone, etc.
B Answers will vary. Possible answers:
Topic Sentence: CT scanning helped scientists learn about what might have happened to the Iceman.
Important Ideas: The CT scan showed that he was hit from behind with an arrow. An injury on his hand was discovered to be from a few days before, so it was not likely connected to his death. The imaging also showed he had eaten a full meal before he was killed, so scientists think he was not expecting to be in danger.
REVISING PRACTICE
a, b, d, c
EDITING PRACTICE
1. Paraphrase: DNA is a small molecule that contains information for a person’s cell development.
2. Paraphrase: Every individual’s DNA is unique, so it is useful in identifying people.
3. Paraphrase: DNA phenotyping allows scientists to identify characteristics such as eye and hair color, the structure of faces, as well as geographic origin.
