SMART ADVICE  10

THINK AND DISCUSS

Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. You have to enjoy the little things in life.

2. I would talk to Professor Chumley. She’s a person that I trust, and she knows me well.

EXPLORE THE THEME

A Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. I would like to be a translator because I love languages, but I’ll have to work on my language skills for that! Being a personal shopper would

be fun too, because I like shopping and giving advice.

2. I think these job opportunities are increasing because these jobs can’t be done using machines or a computer. They require human input.

B thoroughly; challenge; expertise

Reading 1

PREPARING TO READ

A 1. exchange (Note: Exchange is a verb as well as a noun.)

2. Reality

3. monitor (Note: Monitor is a verb as well as a noun.)

4. Funding

5. promote

6. empower

7. initiative

B Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. I love English and history. English is my area of expertise.

2. public speaking; I overcame this through hard work and practice—the more often I spoke in class or in large groups, the easier it became.

3. A manager can listen carefully to what employees tell them. A manager can give employees more responsibility, more freedom, and adequate training to learn new skills.

C Answers will vary. Possible answers: social life; work; banking; travel planning

D Answers will vary. Possible answers: I think Ken Banks created an app that helps millions of people who live in rural areas and have no Internet access.

UNDERSTANDING THE READING

A a

B Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. He noticed that many villagers in South Africa had cell phones. (See Paragraph B.)

2. FrontlineSMS is free and can work almost anywhere in the world. (See Paragraph D.)

3. in Malawi—to run a rural healthcare program; in

Nigeria—to monitor elections; in Haiti—to help disaster relief efforts. (See Paragraph D.)

4. a. Research your idea or product thoroughly.

b. Promote your idea on social media.

c. Once the message is out, ask for funding.

C 5, 4, 2, 3, 1

D Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. Scientists could send texts giving advice on how to help the animal. Members of the public could also send texts to report sightings of that animal.

2. Teachers could send texts containing reading material and questions, and the children could reply if they have queries. I think FrontlineSMS would be more useful for protecting endangered animals because it’s hard for children to learn via text. They do better in a classroom.

E Answers will vary. Possible answer: I think this is because the Internet has made global communication possible. Because of social media, information about a new product can go viral very quickly.

DEVELOPING READING SKILLS

A Answers will vary. Possible answers:

Paragraph C. main Idea: how FrontlineSMS

works. Details: Users install software; connect computer to cell phone, etc.

Paragraph D. main Idea: Frontline = free/helps

people around the world. Details: Examples: helps update medical records in Malawi; monitor elections in Nigeria; disaster relief in Haiti.

Paragraph F. main Idea: Don’t ask for money

right away because you need to know it’s a good

idea. Details: Donors want to see well-researched ideas. Talk to consumers.

Paragraph G. main Idea: Promote your idea using the Internet. Details: Use social media: Facebook/Twitter/blogs. Connect online. Post a lot.

Paragraph H. main Idea: After you have a good idea & promote it, ask for money. Details: Start with your social networks. Waiting shows that

you have commitment and initiative.

B Answers will vary. Possible answers:

While living in South Africa in 2003 and 2004, Ken Banks got the idea for a computer program called FrontlineSMS. It allows people to …

Video

BEFORE VIEWING

A Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. Public spaces in poorer areas were dirty and ugly.

2. to improve the lives of low-income Chilean families

3. The foundation will build more green parks.

B 1. found

2. get you down

3. breathtaking

WHILE VIEWING

A 2, 3 (Note: The video mentions that Andrade is an architect, but it doesn’t go into any detail about how his career began.)

B Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. lack of funding

2. 30,000 volunteers joined the efforts

3. a. Start small.

 b. Use social media to promote your foundation.

AFTER VIEWING

A Answers will vary. Possible answers: Kids are able to play safely and have fun; older people can take a stroll and improve their health; neighbors can gather outdoors and strengthen community bonds; everyone can breathe fresher air. It’s easier to relax when you have green spaces around you.

B Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. Just smiling and opening doors for strangers can improve people’s moods and help make the world a better place.

2. The windmill invention in Unit 2 is a relatively simple invention using recycled materials. That definitely helps make the world a better place!

3. Not eating big fish (Unit 4) is a simple thing that we can do to help restore the ocean’s biodiversity.

Reading 2

PREPARING TO READ

A 1. sensible

2. worth

3. reputation

4. consumers (Note: Loyal means that people will stay true to something or someone.)

5. passion

6. demanding (Note: People who are demanding make demands.)

7. defining (Note: A defining moment is one that makes a big difference in how people view their lives.)

8. quality

B Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. getting married; having children; starting your first job; buying a house

2. Apple; Jaguar (cars); Cartier

3. My mother is the most sensible person I know. She thinks carefully before she makes any decisions.

C Answers will vary. Possible answers:

Sell the benefits of a product, not its features; be nice to everyone; people cannot describe their needs; design counts; challenge employees; most experts are clueless; use social media to sell a product and post frequently.

UNDERSTANDING THE READING

A c

B 1. N (See Paragraph B.)

2. N (See Paragraph F.)

3. Y (See Paragraph G.)

4. NG

5. Y (See Paragraph H.)

6. N (See Paragraph I.)

7. Y (See the sidebar “Selling a Product.”)

C 1. power struggle

2. turning point

3. philosophy

4. clueless

5. take off

6. burn your bridges

D Answers will vary. Possible answers:

Similarities: All three men are successful and passionate about what they do. They work hard; are entrepreneurs; use social media a lot; don’t give up easily; and have identified solutions to problems. Also, Banks and Andrade talk about funding.

Differences: Andrade and Banks are social entrepreneurs and focus on helping people in developing countries, while Kawasaki works mainly for big businesses and brands. Andrade asks for help from local volunteers, but Banks and Kawasaki don’t mention this.

Writing

EXPLORING WRITTEN ENGLISH

A b

LANGUAGE FOR WRITING

B 1. c; 2. d; 3. b; 4. a

C 1. If you need money for college fees, (you should) get a part-time job.

2. You should/can talk to a career counselor if you want to apply for an internship.

3. If you want to find the right college, (you should) visit lots of campuses.

4. You shouldn’t simplify things for employees if you want your business to succeed.

D 1. Talk to your teacher if you don’t understand your homework assignment.

2. If you can’t afford to pay for college, you can apply for a scholarship.

3. If you can’t decide on a college major, take time to try out different classes.

4. You should talk to your manager if you have a problem with another employee.

WRITING SKILL

E a, b, b, a, b, a

F Answers will vary. Possible answers:

1. Customers often don’t know what they want/need until they see it. (See Paragraph F.)

2. If a product looks good, consumers will be more likely to buy it, even if the price is high. (See Paragraph G.)

3. Employees do their best work when they are given big goals or challenges. (See Paragraph H.)

4. Why: Most experts are disconnected from customers.

How: Companies should reach out to customers directly, via social media. (See Paragraph I.)

WRITING TASK

A Answers will vary. Possible answers:

Topic: how to make friends in college

Tips: Smile a lot and listen to others. Join clubs or sports teams. Spend time just “hanging out.” Attend school-related events.

B Answers will vary. Possible answers:

Topic Sentence: Making friends is an important part of college life, and there are some ways to make this easier.

Supporting Idea (Tip 1): Smile a lot and listen to others.

Detail(s): You don’t have to be the life of the party; just let people see that you are friendly and approachable.

Supporting Idea (Tip 2): Join clubs or sports teams.

Detail(s): You can meet people who have the same interests as you.

Supporting Idea (Tip 3): Spend time “hanging out” with other students in your dorm or after class.

Detail(s): Friendships take time! It takes time to get to know people well.

Concluding Sentence: This advice can help students make friends in college.

REVISING PRACTICE

b, a, d, d, c

EDITING PRACTICE

1. If you want to make new friends in college, attend as many school-related events as you can.

2. If you want to find out if a particular college is right for you, visit the campus before classes start.

3. You can apply for a scholarship if you don’t have enough money for college.

4. If you plan to ask your boss for a raise, you should write a list of your recent accomplishments at work.

5. You can get a bank loan if you don’t have enough money to start a business.

6. If you want your employees to feel empowered, make sure that they have the necessary resources and expertise to do their jobs.