2 MOTHER NATURE
THINK AND DISCUSS (page 21)
1. Possible answers: cute, interesting, funny, unusual, with long fur, with a big nose, with strong arms and legs, and so on.
2. Answers will vary.
EXPLORE THE THEME (page 22)
1. Possible answer: Bees carry pollen from flower to flower.
2. Possible answers: Animals protect their young by keeping them in a nest or other special place, by keeping them close by, or by carrying them.
3. Possible answers: Animals that have short life cycles are flies, mosquitos, mice, butterflies, and dragonflies. Animals that have long life cycles are humans, whales, elephants, tortoises, and koi (carp).
4. Answers will vary.
Lesson A
VOCABULARY
B (page 25)
1. responsibility
2. extinction
3. territory
4. predators
5. colonies
6. challenge
7. factor
8. threaten
9. struggle
10. reproduce
C (page 25)
1. T
2. T
3. F (Colony, territory, and factor are all countable nouns. Their plural forms are colonies, territories, and factors.)
4. F (Threat is the noun form of threaten.)
5. T
D (page 25)
1. struggle; 2. responsible; 3. factor; 4. challenges / threats / struggles; 5. threatens / challenges
E (page 25) Answers will vary.
LISTENING
A (page 26) Possible answers:
1. Documentaries are based on factual information. Other films tell fictitious stories.
2. Other common subjects are history, science, inventions, and biographies.
3. People may be more interested in being entertained than in watching a documentary based on facts.
B (page 26)
c
C (page 27)
a. A; b. S; c. M; d. M; e. S; f. A
D–F (page 27) Answers will vary.
SPEAKING
A (page 28)
1. academic
2. reproduction
3. responsibility
4. complexity
5. frustration
6. interaction
B (page 28)
C (pages 28–29)
1. A body cell is removed from an adult animal.
2. Scientists remove the nucleus from that cell.
4. Chemicals or electricity make the egg divide.
6. The resulting baby is a clone of the first animal.
D (page 29)
1. Answers will vary.
2. Possible answers: Criteria might include benefits to human health and survival, benefit to the environment.
E (page 30)
1. King penguins live in large colonies that/which may contain 100,000 birds.
2. These penguins have many predators which/that include birds and seals.
3. Cloning is a technique that/which allows scientists to produce copies of animals.
4. To clone, scientists use a cell which/that has been taken from an adult animal.
5. Ken Burns is a filmmaker who is best known for his history documentaries.
6. Many of his films are about important events that/which changed history.
7. I went to the documentary film festival that/which you told me about. / I went to the documentary film festival you told me about.
F (page 30) Possible answers:
Criteria for best documentary: an important, relevant topic, an interesting story, clear facts and support, a mix of interviews and narration, good camerawork Criteria for best director: good story-telling; excellent photography; good cast; good editing
LESSON TASK
A (page 31)
Possible factors that can lead to extinction may include disease, hunting, loss of habitat, climate change, and more natural predators.
B–D (page 31) Answers will vary.
Video
A (page 32) Possible answers:
1. fishing, ocean transportation, tourism
2. predators, climate change, pollution
B (page 32)
1. species – that can reproduce with one another
2. population – that are members of that species
3. Marine – that live in the sea
4. biologists – who study life and living organisms
5. exclude – that they neither want nor need
6. device – that has a special function
C (page 33)
1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b
D (page 33) Possible answers:
E (page 33)
1. Possible answers: How much does it cost? Will they use more fuel to drag it in the ocean? What other fish might get trapped? Is it easy to repair if it breaks? Will it get caught on things underwater?
2. Answers will vary.
3. Answers will vary.
VOCABULARY
B (page 35)
Nouns – organism / substance / method / shelter
Verbs – specializes / manufacture / consume / transfer / resemble
Adjective – primary
C (page 35)
Possible answers:
1. focus on and become an expert in a specific subject
2. look similar to somebody or something
3. way of doing something
4. eat or use up something
5. individual living thing, such as a plant or animal
6. first, greatest, or most important
7. type of material that can be seen or touched
8. make or produce something
9. protection, especially from danger or bad weather
10. move something from one place to another
LISTENING
A (page 36) Possible answers:
Leo: Excuse me? Sorry to bother you, but do you know the way to the conservatory greenhouse? This map isn’t helping me much.
Elena: Yeah, the map isn’t great and the campus does resemble a maze, doesn’t it? Anyway, you’re in luck. I’m actually on my way to the conservatory greenhouse right now. We can walk together.
B (page 37)
1. c 2. b 3. b
C (page 37)
1. T; 2. F; 3. NG; 4. T; 5. T; 6. NG; 7. F
D (page 37)
1. Answers will vary.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Possible answers: You might need to talk to a stranger if you are lost and need directions, or if your cell phone dies and you need to borrow a phone. Some strategies might include asking the person if they have a minute and briefly explaining your situation.
4. Answers will vary.
5. Possible answers: It’s important to study how plants survive in a variety of conditions because these days we have a lot of extreme weather such as droughts and hurricanes. We can learn how plants
adapt to different conditions, what sort of climate is ideal, new areas where they can be grown, and how they might adapt to climate change.
SPEAKING
A (page 38) Possible answers:
1. Not enough money: Get a part-time job; get a student loan
2. Limited time to study: Follow a study plan; spend less time on social media
3. Relationship problems: Ask for advice from others; see a counselor
4. An unhealthy diet: Eat healthier food; get advice from a doctor
5. Additional challenge: Not enough sleep: Set a regular bed time; don’t use electronic devices late at night
C (page 39) Answers will vary.
FINAL TASK
A–E (pages 39–40) Answers will vary.
