Unit 1
page 15
1The animals are reindeer.They are being used for transportation in a cold,northern region with few or no roads.
2Answers will vary.
3Possible answers:hunting,herding sheep guiding the blind, carrying things,searching for people
Exercise 1page 16
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2 page 16
Possible answers:
1The goal is to find the exit.
2I think the chimpanzee is thinking because she is watching very closely.
3I think they are happy because they are laughing
Exercise 3pages 16-17
1b 2a 3c 4a 5b
Exercise 4 page 17
1 DNS 2T 3F;Planning before acting is not justa human skill.
4T 5F;Chimpanzees can plan ahead for several days.
Exercise 5 page 17
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 18
1abuse 2protect 3cruel 4suffer 5conditions 6issue 7 survive 8 welfare
Exercises 2-3 page 18
1 Possible answers:Poor people still need animals to
survive. Not all animal use is abuse domesticated animals wouldn't have been able to survive without humans.
There are many animal lovers who help animals.Millions of children are treated worse than animals.People often care more about animals than poor people
2 Possible answers:Animals hard work and suffering
aren't recognized. Animals have died in wars.They work long hours and live in difficult conditions and get very little reward. Technology can replace animals. Animals have no one to represent them and protect their rights They may be abandoned when they get sick or too old. It's old-fashioned and cruel. Answers will vary.
Exercise 4 page 19
dogs: protection,transport horses:building,transport war elephants:building transport war camels: transport,war
Exercise 5 page 19
cons(Ms Johnson's ideas):rights. cruel
pros (Dr Kuryan's ideas):skills, poor, survive
Exercise 6page 20
1Even though 2On the contrary 3Yet 4Even though 5Yet
Exercise 7page 21
1but/yet 2However 3Even though4 On the contrary
Exercises 8-9 page 21
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 22
1O 2P 3A 4O 5O 6A 7A 8A
Exercise 4 page 24
1a 2a 3b 4a
Exercises 1-2 page25
1a 2b 3a 4a 5b 6a 7a 8a
Exercises 3-4 page 26
1Photo 1 shows polar bear patrollers trying to keep polar bears away from where humans live.Photo.2 shows a polar bear on a small patch of ice because the ice is melting Photo.3shows a polar bear climbing aboard a ship.
2-3 Possible answers:The threats to polar bears are loss of sea ice habitat due to rising ocean temperatures.which makes it harder for polar bears to hunt contact between humans and polar bears;and industrial development
Exercise 5page 26
Exercise 6page 26
1 26.000 2 2050 3 negative 4 towns 5 safer 6 petrol
Exercise 7page 27
1First 2Second 3to summarize
Exercises 8-9 page 28
1not complete 2complete 3complete 4not complete
Exercise 10 page 28
Answers will vary
Exercise 1page 29
1B 2C 3A
Exercise 2 page 30
1b 2a
Exercise 3 page 30
Exercises 4-5page 31
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 32
1Keeping animals in zoos helps to protect them;it educates people about animals.We should support zoos.
2Zoos protect animals: they educate our children:
modern zoos are comfortable and in good condition
3Many endangered species (e.g the giant panda,the snow leopard) are kept safe in zoos. The speaker learnt about exotic animals as a child after being taken to the zoo. Animals in zoos now have large areas which resemble their natural habitat4 Visit zoos; give financial support
Exercise 2page 32
1c 2b 3a
Exercise 3 page 33
Possible answers
1 l think that zoos are sometimes good for animals.For
example they breed endangered animals and release them into the wild.
2 You can see many exotic animals in zoos,such as lions tigers and elephants.
3 Animals are sometimes unhappy in zoos.For instance animals kept in cages that are too small show behaviour that isn't natural. like walking up and down in their cages repeatedly
Exercise 4 page 33
Possible answers
1It's often said that animals should not be used in medical testing
2 It's believed that dolphins are as smart as humans.
3 It's widely known that if insects continue to die out,it
will affect the human food chain.
Exercise 5 page 33
2 example 3 Another 4summarize 5short
Exercises 1-7 page 34
Answers will vary.
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Exercise1
Answers will vary
Exercise 2
1connected 2analytically 3supportive 4involved 5protect 6environment 7abandon 8communicative
Exercise 3
1don't have to 2 should 3needto 4might5 ought to 6mustn't 7 have got to 8could
Exercise 4
1welfare 2 survive 3issue4conditions 5depend on 6melt 7source 8threat
Exercise 5
Answers will vary.
Exercise 6
1First/First of all 2Another point is that/Furthermore 3 For example/For instance 4In short/To summarize
Exercise 7
It's believed that; First;Furthermore;For example;Finally
Unit 2
page 37
1Answers will vary.
2 nuclear energy oil coal natural gas wind geothermal. hydropower.
3-4 Answers will vary.
Exercises 1-2 page 38
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 39
1T 2F:The ship made it possible to build the turbines in the middle of the sea/water.3T 4F:It was difficult to build the turbines in windy weather.5T
Exercise 4 page 39
112 2175 3120 43000 5500000
Exercise 5 page 39
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1page 40
1b 2a 3b 4c 5b 6c 7a 8b
Exercise 2 page 41
1 The topic of the lecture is growing fruits and vegetables using sunlight and seawater.
2 The first photo shows a man picking tomatoes in a greenhouse. The picture/diagram shows how seawater has its salt removed so it can be used to grow fruits and vegetables.
3 Solar power is used on this farm.
Exercise 3page 41
1w 2j 3j 4w
Exercise 4 page 42
1water 2 in extreme climates 3 solar power 4greenhouse 5no pesticides 6around the world 7can help solve the global food problem 8 not known
Exercise 5page 42
2f 3a 4e 5b 6c
Exercise 6 page 43
1100 2sun 3seawater 4160 510000 6environment
Exercise 7 page 44
1d 2a 3c 4b
Exercise 8 page 44
1-2 Answers will vary.
3 Possible answers:It's expensive.It involves a lot of work It requires a lot of technical knowledge.
Exercise 1 page 45
in-: incorrectdis-: disadvantage
ir-: irresponsible im-: impossible
Exercise 2 page 45
1ir 2un 3dis 4in 5un 6im 7in 8dis 9un 10dis
Exercise 3 page 46
1may 2could 3might
Exercise 4 page 46
2 Not using fossil fuels might/could/may reduce climate change.
3 Taxing fossil fuels will reduce the use of cars.
4 Using solar energy won't lead to any environmental disasters.
Exercise 5 page 46
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1page 47
1benefits 2risks 3long-term 4disasters 5affordable 6opponent 7 pollute
Exercises 2-3page 48
Possible answers:
advantages:green clean cheap unlimited
disadvantages: expensive,dangerous
Exercise 4 page 49
Emma
For or against?: against
Reasons: accident will have long-term effect on environment building power plants pollutes the air expensive
Jack
For or against?:for
Reasons: safe doesn’t pollute always enough of it;
cheap; can provide a huge amount of electricity selling electricity helps the economy makes a country less dependent on oil and gas;wind and solar energy can't solve climate change and are expensive
Exercise 5 page 49
1ac 2a;b;d 3a;d
Exercise 6 page 50
1 nuclear power is a big risk
2 nuclear power does not pollute the air
Exercise 7page 50
1 Possible answers:Similarities: Both are green;both are unlimited;and both require advanced technology Differences: Hydroponics is safe nuclear energy is dangerous. Nuclear power is more expensive than hydroponics.
2-3 Answers will vary.
Exercise 1page51
Exercise 2 page 51
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 52
Possible answers:
advantages: safe,affordable,unlimited source of energy disadvantages:ugly/takes up space bad for wildlife/ birds, expensive
Exercises 4-5 page 52
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 53
1Also 2On top of that 3And yet 4First of all 5In addition
Exercise 2 page 54
2 And yet 3 First of all 4 Second 5 overall 6comparison 7 addition 8 the other hand
Exercise 3 page 54
1A 2D 3A 4A 5D 6D
Exercise 4 page 55
Possible answers
1it is dangerous.
2 they don’t pollute the environment
3 it's unlimited.
4 it pollutes the environment.
Exercise 5 page 55
Possible answers (the rest will vary)
2 that's completely true 3 yet 4but
Exercise 6 page 55
Answers will vary
Exercises 1-7 pages 55-56
Answers will vary.
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Exercises 1-2
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3
1incorrect 2responsible 3impossible 4unable5 advantage 6unlimited
Exercise 4
1will 2will 3could 4will 5will not 6will 7could 8will
Exercise 5
1solutions 2provides 3environmental 4crisis 5long-term6risks 7benets 8Opponents
Exercise 6
1to compare and contrast ideas 2 to add another idea
3 to explain a sequence of ideas 4 to summarize ideas
5 to compare and contrast ideas 6 to add another idea
Exercise 7
Answers will vary
Unit 3
page 59
Possible answers:
1Modern transport causes pollution.More people are on the road causing congestion People spend more time commuting.Public transport isn't good enough
2There are more cars on the road. Cars are more environmentally friendly Safety and roads have improved. Air travel is cheaper and more popular
3 Electric cars will become more common.There will be
driver less vehicles/high-speed trains/space travel for tourists.
Exercises 1-2 page 60
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3page 61
1smaller 2closer 3business 4commercial 5busiest 6larger
Exercise 4 page 61
1in no time 2 Asia 3sound 43,500 52016 6over
Exercise 5 page 61
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 62
Exercise 4 page 63
1extreme 2compare 3crash 4avoid 5cure6 consists of 7 scared 8 Safety
Exercise 5page 64
Answers will vary.
Exercise 6 page 64
1b 2a 3a 4a
Exercise 7page 64
1reduce 2engines 3wings 4normal 5damaged 6Avoid 7flying 8 driving
Exercise 8 page65
Answers will vary.
Exercise 9 page 65
1:4:6
Exercise 10 page 65
1rhetorical 2 rhetorical 3rhetorical 4regular 5regular 6rhetorical 7regular
Exercise 11 page 66
1Answers will vary.
2Possible answers:The most common phobias are about spiders.snakes, heights open spaces and dogs.
3Possible answers: Phobias can be cured by experiencing them in safe environments or by being exposed to the phobia for a long period of time
Exercise 1 page 67
1b 2a 3c 4a 5a 6b 7a
Exercise 2 page 68
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 69
Exercise 4 page 69
Exercise 5 page 69
1 134 56;7
2 2;8
3 1alot 2by far 3considerably 4much 5definitely 6a lot7considerably 8absolutely
4 The words either mean 'very much or a lot or indicate
Certainty definitely,absolutely).
Exercise 6 page 70
1 most direct 2calmer 3 most serious 4most comfortable 5faster 6more affordable 7most appropriate 8safer
Exercises 7-8page70
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1page 71
a convenient b pass c injure d respect e solve f fine g prevent h break the law
Exercise 2 page 71
Possible answers:
1People cycle because it's cheap good for your health
and in some places faster than driving
2Cycling is good for your health.It's cheaper than driving or using public transport.It’s environmentally friendly. It's faster in busy places. It's easy to park a bike.
3 It's dangerous. Drivers can be rude or aggressive.It's not
enjoyable in bad weather.Equipment can be expensive It's difficult.
Exercise 3 page 72
1to make the city more bicycle-friendly and/or to make it easier for people to cycle to work
2 a safety b storage c convenience
Exercise 4 page 72
2;4;5:6; 9;10
Exercise 5 page 72
Exercise 6 page 73
1;3; 5:7;8
Exercise 7 page 73
Answers will vary
Exercise 8 page 73
1Possible answers: An accident while flying is likely to be more serious than while cycling.People understand how bicycles work but not how planes work.People feel in control on a bicycle.The thought of dying in a plane crash is more terrifying.There are no disaster movies about cycling
2Answers will vary.
Exercise 1page 74
Possible answers:
Exercises 2-5pages 74--75
Answers will vary
Exercise 1page 76
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2 page 76
2I think it would be better if
3I think it would be much better if
4The best thing would be
5I'd suggest that
Exercise 3page 77
b1 c4 d2
Exercise 4 page 77
Answers will vary.
Exercises 1-5 page 78
Answers will vary.
CLASSROOM APP
Exercise1
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2
1trouble 2impact 3method 4solve 5figureout 6control 7serious 8influence
Exercise 3
1bigger 2most interesting 3more relaxing 4a lot slower 5the noisiest 6byfar 7scarier 8faster
Exercise 4
1prevent 2convenient 3avoid 4fne 5scared 6injured 7safety 8compared
Exercise 5
Answers will vary
Exercise 6
1From my own experience, 2This is because 3Last week. 4Personally.
Exercise 7
1In my opinion, public transport should be free. This is because it would encourage people not to drive,so there would be less traffic and pollution Personally.I prefer to drive to places when I’m with friends because it's cheaper than taking the subway.
2 I'd like to see the minimum driving age increasedtc21.The reason for this is that it is too dangerous for teenagers to drive.From my own experience,I can tell you that they drive too fast and often don't focus on the road.
3I'd suggest we pass a law that people have to wear bike helmets. This is because the law will save lives. Personally,I sometimes don't bother with things like helmets unless|'m told that it's the law!
Unit 4
page 81
1 The photo is of Chiang Mai,Thailand.This is the tradition of launching sky lanterns to celebrate the full moon in the 12th month of the Thai calendar.as part of the Yi Peng festival
2-3 Answers will vary.
Exercise1page 82
1A harvest is the time of year when crops are cut and collected.
2-3 Answers will vary
Exercise 2 page 82
1 Hong Kong; celebrated by Chinese people across the world
2 butter and sugar
3wrap the filling in a thin layer of pastry
4pastry;filling decoration
Exercise 3 page 83
1 People get together with family and friends to watch the moon,admire the lights and eat the traditional sweet of this festival.
2 Moon cakes.They are so named because the festival takes place during the full moon.
3 No, the recipe is quite complicated.
Exercise 4 page 83
2a 3g 4c 5f 6h 7d 8b
Exercise 5page 83
1 The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by Chinese
people across the world.
2 Chinese people don't make moon cakes at home-the recipe is too complicated
3 Moon cakes have sweet or savoury fillings
4 The decorations on top of moon cakes can be Chinese letters or patterns, like flowers.
5 After the moon cakes are made they are left for the pastry to soften.
Exercise 6 page 83
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 84
1b 2a 3b 4b 5b 6a7b 8a
Exercise 2 page 85
1A tradition is a custom or way of behaving that has continued for a long time in a group of people or a society
2 Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 85
1an anthropologist and author 2whether traditions are adapting to the modern world or dying out
Exercise 4page 85
a (shaking hands)
Exercise 5 page 86
Effects of modern technology on traditions
Exercise 6 page 87
1That's why 2because 3due to 4This is because 5because
Exercise 7 page 87
Exercise 8 page 87
1 Because 2 That's why3 This means that 4 because5 Because of
Exercise 9 page 88
Exercise 10 page 88
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 89
adjective: digital, hopeful, political, professional successful, unbelievable, unforgettable, useless
verb: digitize, frighten, organize, recognize, specialize. weaken
noun: agreement, celebration. communication, connection, excitement
Exercise 2 page 89
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 90
1celebration 2acceptable 3agreement 4political 5frightens 6specialize
Exercise 4 page 90
1harmless 2useful: reliable; careful 3enjoyable 4thoughtful
Exercise 5 page 90
Answers will vary.
Exercise 6 page 91
1to 2to 3about 4with 5about 6to 7about 8at
Exercise 7 page 91
Answers will vary.
Exercise 8 page 91
1in 2to 3about 4for 5by 6for
Exercise 1page 92
1obligation 2graduate 3personal 4behaviour 5thoughtful 6occasions 7event 8 commercial
Exercise 2 page 92
1 Possible answers: anniversary: graduation, wedding engagement; new baby; passing a test2 Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 page 93
b
Exercise 4 page 93
Answers will vary.
Exercise 5 page 93
Exercise 6 page 93
Answers will vary.
Exercise 7 page 94
2seems 3agree 4disagree:5 not convince 6why not 7don't agree
Exercise 8 page 94
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 95
Answers will vary.
Exercises 2-4 pages 95-96
Answers will vary.
Exercise 1 page 97
1I see your point
2You may be right, but
3I understand, but
4I'm sorry to interrupt, but
5I disagree
Exercise 2 page 97
Answers will vary.
Exercises 3-4 page 98
Answers will vary.
Exercise 5 page 98
1strongly 2absolutely 3really 4completely
Exercise 6 page 99
1P 20 3P 40 5P 60 7P 80
Exercises 7-8 page 99
Answers will vary.
Exercises 1-6 pages 99-100
Answers will vary.
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Exercise1
Answers will vary.
Exercise2
1less 2en 3ment 4able 5ize 6al 7ion 8ful
Exercise 3
1about 2to 3by 4about 5for 6at 7with 8for
Exercise 4
1thoughtful 2generation 3anniversary 4obligation 5 interact 6behaviour 7graduate 8occasions
Exercise 5
Answers will vary.
Exercise 6
1your point 2interrupting 3interrupt 4opinion 5Excuse me 6 right
Exercise 7
1I disagree 2I see your point 3I'm sorry to interrupt 4What's your opinion? 5You may be right
