UNIT 7 A NEW START
Time Words
The Past Continuous
Reading 1
COMPREHENSION page 174
1. F; 2. T; 3. F
THINK ABOUT IT page 175
Answers will vary.
7.1 Time Words
EXERCISE 1 page 176
1. Until; 2. in; 3. From; 4. to; 5. For; 6. In; 7. While; 8. During;
9. on; 10. In; 11. after; 12. In; 13. By; 14. By; 15. ago
EXERCISE 2 pages 176–177
1. until; 2. in; 3. from, till; 4. when; 5. ago; 6. During;
7. While; 8. until; 9. on; 10. for; 11. By; 12. in/after; 13. after
EXERCISE 3 page 177
1. when; 2. ago; 3. until; 4. in; 5. while/when; 6. until; 7. from, to/till/until; 8. for, in; 9. During; 10. on; 11. When; 12. By; 13. When
ABOUT YOU page 178
Answers will vary.
7.2 When and Whenever
EXERCISE 4 page 178
Answers will vary.
Reading 2
COMPREHENSION page 180
1. F; 2. T; 3. T
THINK ABOUT IT page 180
1. Possible answer: It’s important for refugees to get work in order to feel like part of their new communities.
2. Answers will vary.
7.3 The Past Continuous—Form
EXERCISE 5 page 181
1. T; 2. F; 3. F
EXERCISE 6 page 181
1. were you living; 2. wasn’t; 3. was studying; 4. were;
5. studying; 6. was planning; 7. was living; 8. were living;
9. were; 10. planning; 11. was thinking; 12. was studying;
13. was waiting; 14. was holding; 15. was wearing; 16. were living
EXERCISE 7 pages 181–182
1. a. was traveling, b. Were they traveling, c. weren’t, d. weren’t they traveling, e. were waiting;
2. a. were you doing, b. Were you sleeping, c. was watching, d. was taking;
3. a. Was she traveling, b. wasn’t, c. was immigrating, d. was already living;
4. a. were you living, b. were living, c. Were you working, d. was, e. were you working, f. was taking
7.4 The Past Continuous with a Specifc Time
ABOUT YOU page 183
Answers will vary.
ABOUT YOU page 183
Answers will vary.
7.5 The Past Continuous with a When Clause
EXERCISE 8 page 184
1. was traveling, met; 2. arrived, was waiting; 3. were living, got;
4. was watching, fell; 5. were living, broke; 6. was taking, heard;
7. arrived, were waiting; 8. was driving, got
Reading 3
COMPREHENSION page 185
1. F; 2. F; 3. F
THINK ABOUT IT page 186
1. Possible answers: Einstein probably did not face similar difficulties as other refugees. He was already a respected scientist and scholar; the United States was likely honored to offer him refugee status, and various universities likely made him generous job offers.
2. Possible answers: The photo shows how the United States welcomes all kinds of immigrants. It also shows how all immigrants are all equal: genius and regular man, having to take the same steps towards citizenship.
7.6 The Past Continuous with a While Clause
EXERCISE 9 pages 186–187
1. was traveling, met; 2. wrote, was working; 3. was teaching, interrupted; 4. was reading, had; 5. was waiting, started; 6. was talking, asked;
7. watched, was traveling
EXERCISE 10 page 187
1. was looking; 2. found; 3. was walking; 4. stopped; 5. were dating;
5. received; 7. wrote; 8. called; 9. were eating; 10. asked;
11. were waiting; 12. arrived; 13. was waiting
7.7 The Simple Past vs. the Past Continuous
with When
EXERCISE 11 page 188
1. was living; needed; 2. was working; got; 3. helped; was waiting;
4. were living; moved; 5. started; was working; 6. was taking; changed;
7. studied; was living; 8. became; was living
7.8 Using the -ing Form after Time Words
EXERCISE 12 page 189
1. Einstein entered entering, he Einstein; 2. he entered entering;
2. he received receiving; 4. Einstein developed developing, he Einstein;
5. he received receiving; 6. Einstein came coming, he Einstein;
7. he came coming; 8. the children were, they the children; 9. they were
REVIEW page 191
1. When, on; 2. During; 3. in; 4. When, were waiting; 5. For;
6. until, when, signed; 7. by; 8. Whenever; 9. While, decided;
10. from, till; 11. was living; 12. for; 13. ago; 14. arrived; 15. coming; 16.in
EDITING PRACTICE pages 192–193
1. C; 2. for; 3. C; 4. When; 5. C; 6. was going; 7. was planning; 8. C; 9. C; 10. the war started; 11. for; 12. C; 13. waiting; 14. C; 15. got; 16. when; 17. C; 18. When
UNIT 8 WHERE WE LIVE
Modals
Reading 1
COMPREHENSION page 197
1. F; 2. T; 3. F
THINK ABOUT IT page 197
1. Answers will vary.
2. Possible answers: keeping a pet, having a parking space, using laundry facilities, getting another roommate, having guests stay, etc.
8.1 Overview of Modals
8.2 Phrasal Modals
EXERCISE 1 page 198
1. T; 2. T; 3. T
EXERCISE 2 page 198
1. can; might; 2. is supposed to; 3. might; 4. should; 5. have to; should; ought to; 6. Can; can; 7. might; can; 8. must; 9. has to; can’t; 10. may
EXERCISE 3 page 198
1. should I; 2. can’t I have; 3. must we pay; 4. must install;
5. must he return; 6. can you pick up
8.3 Obligation/Necessity—Must and
Phrasal Modals
EXERCISE 4 page 199
1. must give; 2. have to sign; 3. has to return; 4. has to notify; 5. must put; 6. have got to obey; 7. have got to clean; 8. had to move
ABOUT YOU page 200
Answers will vary.
ABOUT YOU page 200
Answers will vary
8.4 Permission/Prohibition—May and
Phrasal Modals
EXERCISE 5 page 201
1. must wear; 2. may drive, have to get; 3. may not park;
4. aren’t allowed to ride, have to go; 5. must have; 6. may not pass;
7. aren’t permitted to hold, may use; 8. must reduce; 9. may not go
8.5 Expectation—Be Supposed To
EXERCISE 6 page 202
1. ’m supposed to pay; 2. ’m not supposed to have;
3. is, supposed to provide; 4. are supposed to clean;
5. is supposed to fix/replace; 6. is supposed to return;
7. is supposed to take out; 8. were supposed to use;
9. is supposed to replace/fix; 10. was supposed to paint;
11. was supposed to wash
8.6 Ability/Permission—Can, Could, and
Phrasal Modals
EXERCISE 7 page 203
1. ’re not allowed to use; 2. can’t do; 3. Are you able to wash;
1. ’re not permitted to use; 5. can cook; 6. ’m not allowed to leave;
7. can’t carry; 8. Can you put; 9. couldn’t reach; 10. wasn’t able to find 11. can’t afford; 12. can give
Reading 2
COMPREHENSION page 205
1. F; 2. F; 3. F
THINK ABOUT IT page 205
1. Possible answers: We should use less plastic and recycle more because plastic is bad for the environment.
2. Tips for using less plastic include using your own reusable shopping bags and bottles.
8.7 Advice—Should, Ought To, Had Better
EXERCISE 8 page 205
1. shouldn’t; 2. should/ought to; 3. ’d better; 4. should/ ought to;
5. shouldn’t; 6. should/ought to
EXERCISE 9 page 206
1. What should we do; 2. we should throw out; 3. Should I put;
2. Those ought to go; 5. Where should I put; 6. You’d better check;
4. we shouldn’t put; 8. We should take them; 9. Should we leave it;
10. We’d better not
EXERCISE 10 pages 206–207
1. Plastic bags shouldn’t go in the recycling bin. You should/ought to put them in the garbage bin or recycle them at a supermarket.
2. Milk cartons should/ought to go in the recycling bin.
3. Paper napkins shouldn’t go in the recycling bin or the garbage. You should/ought to put them in the compost bin or use cloth napkins.
4. Laundry soap bottles should/ought to go in the recycling bin.
5. Regular light bulbs should/ought to go in the garbage. You should/ought to take CFL bulbs to a recycling center.
6. Magazines should/ought to go in the recycling bin.
7. Old pens should/ought to go in the garbage.
8. An old phone shouldn’t go in the recycling bin or the garbage. You should/ought to take it to a recycling center or donate it.
9. Takeout containers should/ought to go in the recycling bin.
10. Batteries shouldn’t go in the recycling bin or the garbage. You should/ought to put them in a bag on top of the garbage bin.
8.8 Negatives of Modals
EXERCISE 11 pages 208–209
1. shouldn’t; 2. shouldn’t; 3. shouldn’t; 4. must not;
5. shouldn’t, don’t have to; 6. may not/must not, must/have
to, don’t have to; 7. may not/can’t; 8. don’t have to, can’t/
aren’t allowed to; 9. shouldn’t; 10. don’t have to; 11. don’t
have to, shouldn’t; 12. aren’t supposed to
EXERCISE 12 pages 209–210
1. don’t have to; 2. may not/must not; 3. can’t/may not;
4. shouldn’t/had (’d) better not; 5. don’t have to; 6. don’t have to;
7. shouldn’t/had (’d) better not; 8. may not/aren’t supposed to/can’t/must not; 9. don’t have to; 10. shouldn’t; 11. can’t/shouldn’t
Reading 3
COMPREHENSION page 212
1. T; 2. T; 3. F
THINK ABOUT IT page 212
Answers will vary.
8.9 Conclusions or Deductions—Must
EXERCISE 13 pages 212–213
1. must be; 2. must get; 3. must know; 4. must not be;
5. must have; 6. must spend; 7. must not like; 8. must have; 9. must be
EXERCISE 14 page 213
Answers may vary. Possible answers:
1. Alma’s family must have a pet.; 2. Alma must be a nurse.;
3. Someone in the family/Alma must like coffee.;
4. Someone in the family/Alma must like classical music.;
5. Someone in the family/Alma must (like to) sew.;
6. Someone in the family/Alma must play piano.;
7. The family must be very busy.
8.10 Possibility—May/Might
EXERCISE 15 pages 214–215
1. Some questions may seem silly to you.; 2. Americans
may not know much about your country.; 3. You might
become impatient with some questions.; 4. If you say you
speak Spanish, an American may say, “Oh, you’re Spanish.”;
5. You may be confused at times.; 6. Americans might ask
you some strange questions.; 7. You might learn about
Americans from their questions.
EXERCISE 16 page 215
1. go/be; 2. be; 3. have, be; 4. know; 5. allow; 6. move, raise/ increase;
7. be, have; 8. learn
Reading 4
COMPREHENSION page 217
1. F; 2. F; 3. T
THINK ABOUT IT page 217
Answers will vary.
8.11 Using Modals for Politeness
EXERCISE 17 pages 218–219
1. May/Can I help you?; 2. I’d/I would like to see; 3. Could/ Would/Can/Will you show it to me; 4. Could/Would/Can/
Will you wait a minute (please)?; 5. why don’t we check;
6. Could/Would/Can/Will you tell me how much it is
(please)?; 7. Would you like to see; 8. could/would/can/will
you show me; 9. I’d/I would rather not spend; 10. Would
you like to see; 11. Would you like to pay; 12. Could I pay/
Would it be possible to pay
ABOUT YOU page 219
Answers will vary. Question forms are as follows:
1. Would you rather own a house or a condominium?
2. Would you rather live in the United States or in another country?
3. Would you rather own a condominium or rent an apartment?
4. Would you rather have young neighbors or old neighbors?
5. Would you rather have wood floors or carpeted floors?
6. Would you rather live in the center of the city or in a suburb?
7. Would you rather drive to work or take public transportation?
8. Would you rather buy new or used items for your home?
EXERCISE 18 page 219
Answers will vary.
REVIEW page 221
1. Could; 2. would; 3. shouldn’t; 4. Can; 5. Would; 6. have to; 7. had;
4. couldn’t go; 9. must; 10. Can; 11. have to; 12. don’t have to;
13. ’ve got to; 14. has to; 15. might; 16. Could; 17. can; 18. ’d rather; 19. ’m not supposed to; 20. can
EDITING PRACTICE pages 222–223
1. C; 2. should take; 3. can’t blame; 4. may find; 5. had (’d) better; 6. C;
5. ought to give; 8. you would (’d) rather; 9. can find; 10. C; 11. C;
12. have (’ve) got to; 13. are (’re) not allowed to; 14. can cause;
15. are not supposed to; 16. C; 17. C; 18. can you; 19. can wait; 20. C;
21. C; 22. had to park; 23. I’d rather not; 24. may not be
