本书立足于当代中国高校涉外法治人才培养教学实践，从国际法的基本原理、世界贸易组织法、国际投资法、国际货币与金融法以及国际经济争端解决机制等方面详细阐述国际经济法的内容和原理。每章*后列有本章复习应注意的问题、法律用语英汉对照以及延伸阅读书目，可以帮助学生深入、系统地学习本章节内容，复习学过的知识。

王燕

法学博士，广东外语外贸大学教授、博士研究生导师，云山青年学者。1997-2001年毕业于南京大学法学院，获经济法学士学位；2002-2004年就读于英国华威大学，获国际经济法硕士学位；2005-2008年于中国人民大学攻读国际法，获法学博士学位。主持国家社科基金后期资助项目3项，出版国际贸易法、国际环境法领域专著多部，近年来在SSCI期刊Leiden Journal of International Law以及CSSCI来源期刊《法商研究》《现代法学》《法学》《政治与法律》《环球法律评*》上公开发表论文40余篇。

李 燕

广东外语外贸大学国际商务英语学院法律英语系教师，英国兰卡斯特大学访问学者。主要教授国际商法、国际公法等全英课程。现为广东省高校“本科教学质量工程”国际法全英教学团队成员，广东省一流本科课程认证项目成员。教学成绩卓越，多次获得校级、院级优秀教学奖及优秀本科生导师奖。

CONTENTS

PART Ⅰ?Basic Theories of International Economic Law 1

1. Definition of International Economic Law and Its Characteristics 1

2. Subjects and Actors of International Economic Law 5

3. Sources of International Economic Law 6

3.1 International economic treaties 7

3.2  Customary international law 8

3.3  General principles of IEL 9

3.4  Resolutions made by intergovernmental organizations 9

3.5  Precedents and legal scholarship 10

3.6  Domestic regulations on external economic activities 12

4. Theories of International Relations and International Economic Law 13

5. Principles of International Economic Law 15

5.1  Economic sovereignty 15

5.2  Permanent sovereignty over natural resources  16

5.3  Equity and mutual benefit  18

5.4  Right to economic development  18

5.5  International cooperation for development 18

Chapter Review 19

Key Terms 20

Further Readings 20

PART Ⅱ?World Trade Law 21

Chapter 1?Development of World Trade Organization and Its Institutional Structure  21

1. Origin of the GATT 22

2. Replacement of the GATT by the WTO 25

2.1  How WTO is different from the GATT  26

2.2  Mandates and functions of the WTO 27

2.3  Membership of the WTO 27

3. Institutional Structure of the WTO 28

4. Decision-Making of the WTO 31

5. The Covered Agreements of the WTO and the Attachments 32

5.1  Agreements on trade in goods 32

5.2  Agreements on trade in service 32

5.3  Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property 33

5.4  Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes  (DSU) 34

5.5  Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) 34

5.6  Plurilateral agreements in sectors of civil aircraft and government procurement 35

5.7  Other agreements concluded in Doha Round 35

6. General Principles of the WTO 36

6.1  Most-favored-nation treatment and its exceptions 36

6.2  National treatment and its exceptions 40

6.3  Transparency 41

6.4  Free and fair trade 42

6.5  More favorable treatment to developing countries  42

Chapter Review 45

Key Terms 46

Further Readings 47

Chapter 2?GATT and Regulations on Trade in Goods 48

1. Customs Duties and Relevant Rules  48

1.1  Concept and types of customs duties  48

1.2  Tariff schedule  49

1.3  Tariff escalation 50

1.4  Determination of customs duty 51

2. Non-Tariff Barriers and Disciplines 56

3. Disciplines on Trade Remedies 57

3.1  Anti-dumping measures  58

3.2  Subsidy and countervailing measures 67

3.3  Safeguard measures  75

3.4  China’s challenge of anti-dumping and countervailing measures imposed by US and EU 80

4. Disciplines on Technical Trade Barriers and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 87

4.1  Meaning of technical regulation and standard 87

4.2  Disciplines of Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade  89

4.3  Sanitary and phytosanitary measures and disciplines 95

5. Exceptions 98

5.1  General exceptions 98

5.2  Balance of payment exception 107

5.3  Security exception 109

Chapter Review 111

Key Terms 112

Further Readings 113

Chapter 3?GATS and Rules on Trade in Service 114

1. Definition of Service and Modes of Service Supply 115

2. General Obligations in GATS and Exemptions 116

2.1  MFN treatment in GATS 116

2.2  Transparency  118

3. Progressive Liberalization and Specific Obligations in GATS 118

3.1  Market access 118

3.2  National treatment  119

4. Members’ Schedules 119

Chapter Review 122

Key Terms 122

Further Readings 123

Chapter 4?TRIPS and International Intellectual Property Conventions 124

1. TRIPS 125

1.1  Types of intellectual properties protected by TRIPS 125

1.2  Non-discriminatory principles of TRIPS 131

1.3  Enforcement of TRIPS 132

1.4  Anti-competitive practice and technology transfer 134

2. Paris Convention on Industrial Property Protection 136

2.1  National treatment 137

2.2  Priority right 137

2.3  Mutual independence of patents and trademarks in different countries of the Union 138

3. Berne Convention for the Protection of Copyright Literary and Artistic Works 138

4. Other Treaties on Intellectual Property Protection 140

Chapter Review 143

Key Terms 144

Further Readings 144

Chapter 5?The Crisis of the WTO and Proliferation of PTAs 146

1. Crisis Faced by the WTO and Possible Reforms 147

1.1  Factors frustrating the WTO’s trade negotiation and dispute settlement functions  147

1.2  Suggestions on reforms of the WTO 150

2. Evolvement and Proliferation of PTAs 155

Chapter Review 160

Key Terms 160

Further Readings 160

PART Ⅲ?International Investment Law 161

Chapter 1?Domestic Rules Administrating Inward and Outward Investments 161

1. Domestic Rules Administrating Inward Investments  161

1.1  Restrictions on inward investments 162

1.2  Promotion and facilitation measures for inward investment 165

1.3  China’s domestic rules administrating inward investments 168

2. Domestic Rules Administrating Outward Investments 173

2.1  Measures promoting outward investment in the world 173

2.2  Development of China’s outward investment and its policies 174

Chapter Review 176

Key Terms 176

Further Readings 176

Chapter 2?Bilateral and Regional Investment Treaties 177

1. Development of Bilateral and Regional Investment Treaties 177

1.1  Development of international investment law 177

1.2  Concept of foreign direct investment and its difference with portfolio investment 178

1.3  Sources of international investment law 180

1.4  History of international investment law 181

1.5  Features of international investment treaties 186

2. Substantive Issues in Bilateral and Regional Investment Treaties 187

2.1  Statement of purpose of the treaties 187

2.2  Scope of application of IIAs 188

2.3  Market access of investment  190

2.4  Standard of treatment  193

2.5  Performance requirements 204

2.6  Repatriation of profits 207

2.7  Confiscation, expropriation and nationalization 207

2.8  Umbrella clause 215

3. Procedural Matters and Exceptions in Bilateral and Regional Investment Treaties 216

3.1  Investment dispute settlement mechanism 216

3.2  Exceptions 217

Chapter Review 218

Key Terms 219

Further Readings 220

Chapter 3?Multilateral Investment Treaties 221

1. Specialized Investment Organizations under the World Bank—MIGA and ICSID  221

2. Investment Provisions Adopted by the WTO  223

3. Other Attempts to Establish a Multilateral Investment Treaties 226

3.1  UNCTC’s Code of Conduct on Multinational Corporations 226

3.2  Multilateral Agreement on Investment  228

Chapter Review 230

Key Terms 230

Further Readings 231

PART Ⅳ?International Monetary and Financial Law 232

Chapter 1?International Monetary Law 232

1. Introduction to Monetary Law 232

1.1  Definition and types of money and currency  233

1.2  State’s monetary sovereignty 234

2. European Monetary Union 236

3. International Monetary Fund  241

3.1  Development of IMF 241

3.2  The role and purpose of IMF 242

3.3.  Institutional issues of IMF 243

3.4  Quotas and subscriptions  243

3.5  Financial affairs of IMF 244

Chapter Review 248

Key Terms 249

Further Readings 249

Chapter 2?International Finance and Banking Law 250

1. International Finance 250

1.1  International commercial loans 250

1.2  Syndicate loans 251

1.3  Project finance 253

2. International Banking Supervision 254

2.1  Bank risks in international finance 254

2.2  Basel Committee and Basel Accords 255

Chapter Review 258

Key Terms 258

Further Readings 258

PART Ⅴ?International Taxation Law 259

1. Tax Jurisdiction 259

1.1  Resident jurisdiction 260

1.2  Source jurisdiction 261

2. International Double Taxation  262

2.1  Causes of double taxation 262

2.2  Unilateral measures to avoid double taxation 263

2.3  Tax treaties  266

3. Cross-Border Tax Evasion 269

3.1  Causes of tax evasion 269

3.2  Measures against tax evasion 270

3.3  Bilateral, regional and multilateral efforts to deter tax avoidance  272

Chapter Review 275

Key Terms 275

Further Readings 276

PART Ⅵ?International Rules on Dispute Settlement 277

1. Methods of Solving International Economic and Trade Disputes 277

1.1  Local remedies 278

1.2  Diplomatic protection 279

1.3  Negotiation, conciliation and mediation 279

2. Specific Methods of Solving Investment Disputes 281

2.1  Contract-based arbitration between investor and state 282

2.2  State-state arbitration 283

2.3  Emergency of ISDS and its significance  283

2.4  Constraint to the ISDS and MFN clauses 285

2.5  Appointment of arbitrators  287

2.6  Review of the decisions 287

2.7  Other procedural issues  288

2.8  Reforms of ISDS by investment court system  289

3. Dispute Settlement Mechanism in WTO  291

3.1  Approaches of trade dispute settlement provided by the WTO 292

3.2  How is a dispute settled 293

Chapter Review 300

Key Terms 301

Further Readings 302