《热工与流体力学（双语）》

吕月霞、张丽丽

定价：49.00元

出版时间：2025-12

ISBN：978-7-5240-0449-3

内容简介

本书共分8章，采用双语模式编写，主要内容包括热力学基本概念及定义、热力学第一定律、理想气体的性质、热力学第二定律、流体的基本性质、流体静力学、流体运动学和流体动力学基础、黏性流体的管内流动等。

本书可作为高等院校机械设计制造及自动化、材料成型与控制工程、智能制造、能源与动力工程等专业的教材，也可供相关领域的工程技术人员学习和参考。

目录

Contents1

热力学基本概念及定义

1Basic Concepts and Definitions of Thermodynamics1

1.1热能和机械能相互转换的过程

1.1The process of converting thermal energy and mechanical energy1

1.1.1热能动力装置

1.1.1Thermal power devices1

1.1.2制冷装置和热泵

1.1.2Refrigeration systems and heat pumps4

1.1.3工质、热源与冷源

1.1.3Working fluid,heat source and cold source5

1.2热力系统及分类

1.2Thermodynamic systems and their classification6

1.3工质的热力学状态及基本状态参数

1.3Thermodynamic state of the working fluid and basic state parameters9

1.3.1温度

1.3.1Temperature10

1.3.2压力

1.3.2Pressure11

1.3.3比体积

1.3.3Specific volume13

1.4平衡状态及状态方程式

1.4Equilibrium state and equation of state13

1.4.1平衡状态

1.4.1Equilibrium state13

1.4.2状态方程式

1.4.2Equation of state15

1.4.3状态参数坐标图

1.4.3State  parameter coordinate diagrams16

1.5热力过程

1.5Thermodynamic processes16

1.5.1准平衡过程

1.5.1Quasiequilibrium process17

1.5.2可逆过程

1.5.2Reversible process19

1.6过程功与热量

1.6Process work and heat20

1.7热力循环

1.7Thermodynamic cycles25

1.7.1正向循环

1.7.1Forward cycle25

1.7.2逆向循环

1.7.2Reverse cycle26

习题

Exercises27

2热力学第一定律

2First Law of Thermodynamics30

2.1热力学第一定律的实质

2.1Essence of the first law of thermodynamics30

2.2热力学能和总能

2.2Thermodynamic energy and total energy31

2.2.1热力学能

2.2.1Thermodynamic energy32

2.2.2外部储存能

2.2.2External stored energy33

2.2.3总储存能

2.2.3Total stored energy34

2.2.4随工质流动传递的能量

2.2.4Energy transferred with fluid flow35

2.2.5焓及其物理意义

2.2.5Enthalpy and its physical significance36

2.3闭口系统能量方程式

2.3Energy equation for closed systems37

2.4开口系统稳定流动能量方程式

2.4Energy equation for steady flow in open systems40

2.5稳定流动能量方程式的应用

2.5Applications of the steady flow energy equation43

2.5.1喷管和扩压管

2.5.1Nozzles and diffusers43

2.5.2动力机械

2.5.2Power machinery44

2.5.3泵与风机

2.5.3Pumps and fans45

2.5.4压缩机

2.5.4Compressors45

2.5.5换热器

2.5.5Heat exchangers46

2.5.6节流阀

2.5.6Throttle valves46

习题

Exercises49

3理想气体的性质

3Properties of Ideal Gases51

3.1理想气体的概念与状态方程式

3.1Concept of ideal gas and ideal gas equation of state51

3.1.1理想气体的概念

3.1.1Concept of ideal gases51

3.1.2理想气体状态方程式

3.1.2Ideal gas equation of state53

3.2理想气体的比热容

3.2Specific heat capacity of ideal gases55

3.2.1比热和比热容

3.2.1Specific heat and specific heat capacity55

3.2.2理想气体的比热容及迈耶公式

3.2.2Specific heat capacity of ideal gases and Mayer’s formula57

3.3利用比热容计算热量

3.3Calculating heat using specific heat capacity59

3.3.1真实比热容法

3.3.1True specific heat capacity method59

3.3.2平均比热容法

3.3.2Average specific heat capacity method61

3.3.3定值比热容法

3.3.3Constant specific heat capacity method63

3.4理想气体的热力学能和焓变

3.4Internal energy and enthalpy change of ideal gases65

3.5理想气体的熵变

3.5Entropy change of ideal gases67

习题

Exercises68

4热力学第二定律

4The Second Law of Thermodynamics70

4.1热力学过程的方向性与不可逆性

4.1Directionality and irreversibility of thermodynamic processes70

4.2热力学第二定律的实质和表述

4.2Essence and statement of the second law of thermodynamics72

4.3卡诺循环与卡诺定理

4.3Carnot cycle and Carnot principles76

4.3.1卡诺循环

4.3.1Carnot cycle77

4.3.2逆向卡诺循环

4.3.2Reversed Carnot cycle80

4.3.3卡诺定理

4.3.3Carnot principles81

4.4熵与熵增原理

4.4Entropy and principle of increase of entropy84

4.4.1熵的基本概念

4.4.1Entropy concept84

4.4.2孤立系统熵增原理

4.4.2Principle of increase of entropy for isolated system86

4.4.3熵流和熵产

4.4.3Entropy flow and entropy generation89

习题

Exercises90

5流体的基本性质

5Basic Properties of Fluids92

5.1流体的定义和特征

5.1Definition and characteristics of fluids92

5.2流体的连续介质假设

5.2Continuum assumption of fluids93

5.3作用在流体上的力

5.3Forces acting on fluids94

5.3.1质量力

5.3.1Body forces95

5.3.2表面力

5.3.2Surface forces95

5.4流体的主要物理性质

5.4Main physical properties of fluids96

5.4.1流体的密度

5.4.1Density of the fluid96

5.4.2流体的压缩性

5.4.2Compressibility of the fluids98

5.4.3流体的膨胀性

5.4.3Expansibility of the fluids99

5.4.4可压缩流体和不可压缩流体

5.4.4Compressible fluids and incompressible fluids100

5.5流体的黏性

5.5Viscosity of the fluids101

5.5.1流体的黏性与牛顿内摩擦定律

5.5.1Viscosity and Newton’s law of internal friction101

5.5.2黏性流体和理想流体的假设

5.5.2Assumptions of viscous fluids and ideal fluids106

5.5.3牛顿流体和非牛顿流体

5.5.3Newtonian fluids and nonNewtonian fluids107

5.6液体的表面张力和毛细现象

5.6Surface tension and capillary phenomena of liquids108

习题

Exercises111

6流体静力学

6Hydrostatics113

6.1流体静压强及其特性

6.1Hydrostatic pressure and its characteristics113

6.1.1流体静压强

6.1.1Hydrostatic pressure113

6.1.2流体静压强的特性

6.1.2Characteristics of hydrostatic pressure114

6.2流体静力学基本方程

6.2Hydrostatic equilibrium equation116

6.2.1流体平衡微分方程

6.2.1Differential equation of fluid equilibrium116

6.2.2压强差公式

6.2.2Pressure difference formula118

6.2.3等压面

6.2.3Isobaric surface118

6.3重力场中流体的平衡方程

6.3The equilibrium equation of the fluid in the gravitational field119

6.3.1流体静力学基本方程式简介

6.3.1Introduction to hydrostatic equilibrium equation119

6.3.2静力学基本方程的物理意义与几何意义

6.3.2Physical and geometric meanings of the hydrostatic equilibrium equation122

6.3.3绝对压强、相对压强和真空度

6.3.3Absolute pressure, relative pressure and vacuum degree123

6.4液柱式测压计

6.4Liquid column manometer124

6.4.1测压管

6.4.1Piezometer tube125

6.4.2U形管测压计

6.4.2Utube manometer126

6.4.3U形管压差计

6.4.3Utube differential pressure gauge126

6.4.4倾斜微压计

6.4.4Inclined micromanometer128

6.5静止液体作用在平面上的总压力

6.5The resultant force exerted on the plane by the static liquid130

6.5.1平面上总压力的大小

6.5.1The magnitude of the resultant force on the plane131

6.5.2总压力的作用点

6.5.2The location of the resultant force132

习题

Exercises135

7流体运动学和流体动力学基础

7Fundamentals of Fluid Kinematics and Fluid Dynamics139

7.1流体运动的描述方法

7.1Methods for describing fluid motion139

7.1.1拉格朗日法

7.1.1Lagrangian method140

7.1.2欧拉法

7.1.2Eulerian method141

7.2流动的分类

7.2Classification of flow143

7.2.1定常流动和非定常流动

7.2.1Steady flow and unsteady flow144

7.2.2一维、二维和三维流动

7.2.2Onedimensional,twodimensional,and threedimensional flows145

7.3流体运动中的基本概念

7.3The basic concepts in fluid motion146

7.3.1迹线与流线

7.3.1Traces and streamlines147

7.3.2流管、流束、总流

7.3.2Stream tube,stream bundle,and total flow149

7.3.3有效截面、流量和平均流速

7.3.3The effective section,flow rate,and average velocity150

7.3.4均匀流、非均匀流、缓变流和急变流

7.3.4Uniform flow,nonuniform flow,gradual flow,and rapidly varying flow151

7.3.5湿周、当量直径和水力半径

7.3.5Wet cycle,equivalent diameter and hydraulic radius153

7.4雷诺输运公式概论

7.4The overview of Reynolds transport formula153

7.4.1系统与控制体

7.4.1System and control volume154

7.4.2雷诺输运公式

7.4.2Reynolds transport formula155

7.5连续方程

7.5The continuity equation158

7.6能量方程

7.6Energy equation160

7.7理想流体微元流束的伯努利方程

7.7The Bernoulli equation of an ideal fluid microelement flow beam163

7.7.1物理意义

7.7.1Physical meaning163

7.7.2几何意义

7.7.2Geometric meaning164

7.7.3压强和速度沿流线法向的变化

7.7.3Variation of pressure and velocity normal to the streamline165

7.8黏性流体总流的伯努利方程

7.8The Bernoulli equation of the total flow of viscous fluids168

7.8.1黏性总流的伯努利方程

7.8.1Bernoulli equation for total flow of viscous fluid168

7.8.2伯努利方程在工程中的应用

7.8.2Application of Bernoulli’s equation in engineering171

7.8.3伯努利方程应用时特别注意的几个问题

7.8.3Key points to note when applying the Bernoulli equation174

7.9动量方程

7.9Momentum equation177

7.9.1动量方程定义

7.9.1Definistion of momentum equation177

7.9.2定常管流的动量方程

7.9.2Momentum equation for steady flow in a pipe178

习题

Exercises181

8黏性流体的管内流动

8IntraPipe Flow of Viscous Fluids185

8.1流动阻力及能量损失的两种形式

8.1Two types of flow resistance and head loss185

8.1.1沿程阻力与沿程损失

8.1.1Frictional resistance and frictional loss186

8.1.2局部阻力与局部损失

8.1.2Local resistance and local loss187

8.2黏性流体的两种流动状态

8.2Two flow states of viscous fluids188

8.2.1雷诺实验

8.2.1Reynolds experiment188

8.2.2雷诺数及流态的判别

8.2.2Reynolds number and flow pattern discrimination190

8.2.3沿程损失与平均流速的关系

8.2.3Relationship between frictional loss and average flow velocity192

8.2.4两种流动状态的特点

8.2.4Characteristics of the two flow states194

8.3圆管中的层流运动

8.3Laminar flow  in circular pipes195

8.3.1切应力分布

8.3.1Shear stress distribution196

8.3.2速度分布

8.3.2Velocity distribution197

8.3.3过流断面的流量与平均流速

8.3.3Flow rate and average flow velocity at the crosssection198

8.3.4圆管层流的沿程水头损失

8.3.4Head loss along the laminar flow in circular pipes198

8.3.5层流流动的动能与动量修正系数

8.3.5Kinetic energy and momentum correction coefficients of laminar flow199

8.4圆管中的紊流运动

8.4Turbulent motion in circular pipes200

8.4.1紊流脉动现象与时均速度

8.4.1Turbulent pulsation phenomenon and timeaveraged velocity201

8.4.2紊流中的切向应力

8.4.2Tangential stress in turbulence202

8.4.3圆管紊流速度结构

8.4.3Turbulent velocity structure of circular pipe203

8.4.4水力光滑管与水力粗糙管

8.4.4Hydraulic smooth pipes and hydraulic rough pipes205

8.5管路流动的沿程阻力

8.5Frictional resistance of pipeline flow206

8.5.1尼古拉兹实验

8.5.1Nikuradse experiment207

8.5.2莫迪图

8.5.2Moody chart210

8.6局部损失

8.6Local loss212

8.6.1管道截面突然扩大的局部损失

8.6.1Local loss due to sudden enlargement of pipe crosssection214

8.6.2管道截面突然缩小的局部损失

8.6.2Local loss due to sudden contraction of pipe crosssection215

8.6.3弯管的局部阻力

8.6.3Local resistance of elbow pipes217

习题

Exercises218

参考文献

References221