Chapter 1Introduction1 
REFERENCES6 
Chapter 2Mechanical Properties of Metals7 
21Introduction7 
22Concepts of Stress and Strain8 
23StressStrain Behavior11 
24Anelasticity(or Viscoelasticity)18 
25Elastic Properties of Materials18 
26Tensile Properties20 
261Yield Strength20 
262Tensile Strength21 
263Ductility24 
264Toughness25 
265Resilience26 
27True Stress and Strain26 
28Elastic Recovery After Plastic Deformation31 
29Compressive,Shear,and Torsion Deformation31 
210Hardness32 
2101Rockwell Hardness Tests32 
2102Brinell Hardness Tests33 
2103Knoop and Vickers Microindentation Hardness Tests 35 
2104Correlation between Hardness and Tensile Strength36 
SUMMARY37 
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS38 
REFERENCES38 
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEM39 
Chapter 3Fracture: Microscopic Aspects45 
31Introduction45 
32Classification of Fracture45 
321Ductile Fracture46 
322Brittle Fracture46 
33Process of Fracture47 
331Crack Nucleation47 
332Ductile Fracture51 
333Brittle, Cleavage Fracture55 
34Impact Fracture60 
341Impact Testing Techniques60 
342DuctiletoBrittle Transition62 
SUMMARY65 
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS65 
REFERENCES66 
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS66 
Chapter 4Fracture: Macroscopic Aspects68 
41Introduction68 
42Theoretical Cleavage Strength69 
43Stress Concentration71 
431Stress Concentrations71 
432Stress Concentration Factor72 
44Griffith Criterion of Fracture75 
45Fracture Toughness80 
451Hypotheses of LEFM81 
452CrackTip Separation Modes81 
453Stress Field in an Isotropic Material in the Vicinity of a Crack Tip83 
454Details of the CrackTip Stress Field in Mode Ⅰ84 
455PlasticZone Size Correction87 
46Fracture Toughness Parameters89 
461Crack Extension Force G89 
462Crack Tip Opening Displacement(CTOD)91 
463J Integral93 
464R Curve95 
465Relationships among Different Fracture Toughness Parameters96 
SUMMARY97 
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS98 
REFERENCES98 
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS99 
Chapter 5Fatigue of Metal Materials102 
51Introduction102 
52Cyclic Stresses102 
53The SN Curve104 
54Mechanisms of Fatigue107 
541Fatigue Crack Nucleation108 
542Fatigue Crack Propagation110 
55Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Applied to Fatigue114 
56Factors That Affect Fatigue Life118 
57Environmental Effects121 
SUMMARY122 
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS122 
REFERENCES123 
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS123 
Chapter 6Creep of Metal Materials126 
61Introduction126 
62Generalized Creep Behavior127 
63Stress and Temperature Effects129 
64Fundamental Mechanisms Responsible for Creep132 
641Diffusion Creep133 
642Dislocation (or Power Law) Creep135 
643Dislocation Glide137 
644GrainBoundary Sliding137 
65Data Extrapolation Methods139 
66Alloys for HighTemperature142 
SUMMARY146 
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS147 
REFERENCES147 
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS148 
Chapter7Strengthening Strategies of Metal Materials150 
71Introduction150 
72Dislocations151 
73Boundary Strengthening153 
74Strain Hardening (or Cold Working)156 
75SolidSolution Alloying159 
76Precipitation and DispersionAlloying162 
SUMMARY168 
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS169 
REFERENCES169 
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS169 
Chapter8Mechanical Behavior of Ceramics Materials171 
81Introduction171 
82StressStrain Behavior171 
83Mechanisms of Plastic Deformation174 
84Brittle Fracture of Ceramics175 
85Various Mechanical Considerations180 
SUMMARY182 
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS182 
REFERENCES182 
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS183 
Chapter 9Mechanical properties of Polymers Materials185 
91Introduction185 
92StressStrain Behavior185 
93Macroscopic Deformation188 
94Viscoelastic Deformation189 
95Deformation of Elastomers195 
96Fracture of Polymers198 
97Various Mechanical Characteristics200 
98Mechanisms of Deformation and for Strengthening of Polymers202 
99Factors that Influence the Mechanical Properties of Semicrystalline204 
SUMMARY206 
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS208 
REFERENCES208 
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS208 
Chapter 10Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials210 
101Introduction210 
102StressStrain Behavior212 
1021Elastic Moduli214 
1022Strength216 
103Toughness218 
104Fracture in Composites221 
1041Single and Multiple Fracture221 
1042Failure Modes in Composites222 
SUMMARY226 
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS226 
REFERENCES226 
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 227 
Chapter 11Environmental Effects in Metals,Ceramics and Polymers229 
111Introduction 229 
112Electrochemical Nature of Corrosion in Metals230 
113Passivity233 
114Forms of Corrosion235 
115Environmentally Assisted Fracture in Metals238 
1151Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)239 
1152Hydrogen Damage in Metals242 
116Corrosion of Ceramic Materials248 
117Degradation of Polymers249 
1171Swelling and Dissolution249 
1172Bond Rupture249 
1173Weathering250 
118Corrosion Prevention251 
SUMMARY251 
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 253 
REFERENCES253 
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS254

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