1917年的二月人民革命推翻了旧制度，使俄国成为“世界上最自由的国家”。国家杜马临时委员会与苏维埃谈判达成的政权问题解决方式，既反映了主要社会政治力量相对平衡的状态，也成为二月革命后混乱局势的重要原因。二月后国内的布尔什维克组织曾主张走资产阶级民主共和国框架内的合法反对派之路，而侨居瑞士的列宁提出并论证了由布尔什维克夺取政权的必要性。列宁取道德国返回俄国，领导布尔什维克走上了夺权的道路。俄国革命从二月走向十月并非必然性作用下的平坦大道，而是充满复杂斗争的曲折过程。列宁认为，俄国的落后与战争的影响相结合所造成的非常局面，提供了走一条超越一般规律的社会主义革命道路的可能性。但布尔什维克以十月武装起义夺取政权后，首先还要为巩固政权而战。本书根据大量俄文文献档案并吸收国外研究成果，详细论述了俄国1917年革命的发生和发展，揭示了以往鲜有涉及的诸多事实，力求客观真实地反映革命的面貌，回答有关俄国革命的一系列问题，为理解革命及其特殊性对此后苏联发展道路的影响提供依据。序······································································李凤林 1主编的话···························································郑异凡 5前 言··········································································1第一章 革命的根源·················································· 31第一节 俄国社会的结构矛盾 ·································· 32第二节 第一次革命后的形势变化···························· 41第三节 战争影响下的事态发展 ·······························48第二章 二月革命······················································ 71第一节 “面包骚动”··············································· 72第二节 士兵起义 ··················································84第三节 罗曼诺夫王朝的终结 ··································95第四节 人民的节日··············································113第三章 国家杜马、苏维埃与政权问题 ····················127第一节 国家杜马及其临时委员会···························128第二节 彼得格勒工人和士兵代表苏维埃··················151第三节 临时政府成立···········································169第四节 外省的“电报革命”···································177第四章 列宁与布尔什维克党···································191第一节 国内布尔什维克对革命的认识 ····································192第二节 列宁回国 ································································ 200第三节 布尔什维克党的理论重建 ············································ 216第五章 无政府状态与政治危机 ·············································· 231第一节 临时政府的困境 ······················································· 232第二节 “最自由的国家” ······················································· 248第三节 四月危机 ································································ 266第四节 六月危机 ································································ 279第六章 七月事件 ···································································· 287第一节 危机的爆发 ·····························································288第二节 布尔什维克与事件进程 ·············································295第三节 七月事件的结束 ······················································· 314第七章 八月政变 ···································································· 325第一节 自由还是秩序？ ······················································· 326第二节 总司令与总理 ·························································· 343第三节 苏维埃反对科尔尼洛夫 ············································· 361第八章 布尔什维克浴火重生 ·················································· 377第一节 布尔什维克遭受重创 ················································ 378第二节 德国经费问题 ··························································390第三节 布尔什维克调整策略 ················································ 409第四节 苏维埃内部的变化 ··················································· 420第九章 选票与步枪 ································································ 429第一节 全俄民主会议 ·························································· 430第二节 怎样解决政权问题？ ················································ 436第三节 “扔掉选票，拿起步枪” ············································· 449第十章 十月起义···································································· 465第一节 起义前夜 ································································ 466第二节 “起义开始了”·························································· 474第三节 预备议会的尾声·······················································485第四节 最后的冲击·····························································492第五节 全俄苏维埃第二次代表大会······································· 507第十一章 巩固政权的最初斗争·············································· 517第一节 新政权面临挑战······················································· 518第二节 怎样兑现承诺·························································· 528第三节 苏维埃政权与立宪会议 ············································· 540附 录······················································································ 563参考书目············································································· 564主题索引············································································· 578人名索引············································································· 585人物简介·············································································597大事记················································································ 629