编辑推荐：

本书对与着色剂相关的知识进行了系统介绍。在介绍各种颜料、染料品种、性能基础上，还对着色剂的检验、在塑料中的分散，塑料配色技术、着色成型工艺以及相关的国际、国内法规体系及相关标准进行了介绍。主要作为沟通着色剂使用者和生产者的桥梁，以便以较低的成本实现较大的着色效果。

内容简介：

本书对与塑料着色相关的知识进行了系统的总结。在对塑料着色剂的性能要求进行初步介绍的基础上，首先对无机颜料、效果颜料、有机颜料、溶剂染料的品种、性能及应用进行了重点论述，然后介绍了着色剂的检验方法和标准、颜料在塑料中的分散、塑料配色实用技术与质量控制、塑料着色成型工艺、塑料着色国际法规体系及相应的要求等。

本书希望能够成为沟通着色剂使用者和生产者的桥梁，成为塑料着色入门者以及着色剂研发、生产、销售和应用人员的工具书。  

序言：

Masterbatch industry in China, along with development of the rests of plastics industry, has experienced a historical growth: from non-exiting to its nascent appearance, from a feeble status in the past to a strong identity today. The author has accumulated invaluable experience in plastic coloring from 40 years of theoretical research and experimental activities. Thanks for publication of this book, every reader can share and benefit from such experience. As referred by the author, plastics coloring is a systematic project. It has a huge and complex industrial connection, which requires employees to have knowledge regarding color, materials, mechanical engineering, legal concerns, regulatory requirements and so on. This book offers a systematic introduction of the masterbatch industry and related knowledge. It was written to be professional, informative and comprehensive to its readers. It is an instrumental reference book in plastic coloring.
I first got to know the wonderful world of masterbatch in 1982 and witnessed the development of Chinese masterbatch industry. Such industry in China started from the seventies of last century. After nearly 40 years of development, the annual output has reached more than 1 million tons. Now it has become an indispensable strategic partner of plastics and chemical fiber industry, and ubiquitous worldwide. Taking advantage of publishing English version of this book, I wish to bridge Chinese masterbatch industry and those around the world. Together, we can communicate, develop and make the world to radiate her best ever beauty !

Hui Qiao
February 2016 

前言：

Plastics has merged into our daily lives everywhere. We enjoy benefits of these products all the time. A list of examples includes children’s toys, instrument components, computer housings, automotive parts, toothbrush, tooth-cylinder, hygiene products, aircraft parts, aerospace applications and so on. It is a miracle that the plastics products has advanced to such level of industrial success in just 100 years, and continues to grow at an incredible rate.
Plastic coloring industry chain is composed of 3 key sectors: pigment and dye manufacturing, masterbatch and modified plastics manufacturing, and plastics processing. Masterbatch and modified plastics manufacturing industry is a connecting link of upper stream and downstream industries. Therefore it plays an important role to the whole plastic coloring industry chain. The historical experience shows that masterbatch and plastic processors do not have good understanding of complexity of colorants. On the other hand, pigment and dye manufacturers have limited understanding of plastics and plastics processing. Therefore, a sufficient information exchange between industrial chains is very important. It can significantly enhance mutual understanding between upper and down-stream industries to achieve higher standards of product quality.
For colorants users, the value of colorants depends on color appearance, color retention and its processing performance. If a colorant has high-value of color performance but poor processing performance, the value of application will be lower. In the same way, if the colorant has high-value of color and processing performances but unsuitable color retention for the applications, the usage values are reduced as well. Therefore, a significant portion of this book is on introduction of structure and properties of colorants. In such way, colorant users could have a good choices to ensure coloring quality, considering the pigment properties, application formulation, application equipment, technology and environmental conditions. As a result, an optimal coloring cost can be achieved. If colorant producers and users want to choose the stable performance of the colorants, this book explains well the technical indicators and test methods of plastic colorants with unified testing methods to improve the quality of products. However, only quality testing itself is not enough. If we want to achieve good coloring effect in various types of plastics, typical plastics processing conditions needed to be simulated to accomplish application testing.
Overall, plastics coloring is a systematic project, involving colorants, raw materials, processing equipment, processing technology, and the final product quality assurance. Although the comprehensive level of plastics coloring industrial chain has been improving, there are still many unanswered questions, problems and errors. Due to special needs of customers, some issues are contradictory and others are too difficult to be resolved. Every part in this industrial chain needs to communicate and develop together to meet customers’ needs. This book has a systematic introduction of the plastics coloring and the relevant knowledge, trying to be more professional, informative and comprehensive. It can be used as a good reference book in plastic coloring.
Invaluable help from many warm-hearted experts and colleagues in plastics coloring industry has poured in the development of this book. The translation of English version has been mainly accomplished by a team of Professor Hui Qiao from Beijing University of Chemical Technology (China Dyestuff Industry Association Color Masterbatch Speciality Committee). They are Hui Qiao, Yun Ding, Wen Zhang, Weisong Liu, Li Li, Weixin Xu, Yandong Li, Jinxing Yang, Kan Chen, Shujian Wang, Jinqiong Lai etc. The translation of chapter VII was completed mainly by Jinbang Zhao, Xiushan Song. Hereby, I want to express my heartfelt thanks to all of them.

Xinhua Chen
January 2016 

目录：

Chapter 1 Introduction of Plastics and Color / 1
1.1 Plastics 1
1.1.1 Properties of Plastics 1
1.1.2 Applications of Plastics 3
1.1.3 Classification and Variety of Plastics 3
1.1.4 Modified Plastics 14
1.2 Coloring of Plastics 14
1.2.1 The Meaning of Plastic Coloring 14
1.2.2 Plastic Colorants 16
1.2.3 Types and Properties of Plastic Colorant 18
Chapter 2 Basic Requirements of Color Preparations / 22
2.1 Basic Requirements of Color Preparations 22
2.1.1 Requirements of Colorant Based on Types of Plastic 22
2.1.2 Requirements of Colorant Based on Plastic Molding Process 24
2.1.3 Requirements of Colorant Based on the Application of Plastic 26
2.1.4 Basic Requirements of the Plastic Colorant 27
2.2 Color Performance 29
2.2.1 Tinting Strength 29
2.2.2 Saturation, Lightness, Hiding Power 29
2.2.3 Dichroism 30
2.3 Thermal Resistance 31
2.3.1 Definition 32
2.3.2 Concentration 32
2.3.3 Chemical Structure, Crystal Modification, Particle Size 33
2.3.4 Resins and Additives 35
2.3.5 Applications 36
2.4 Dispersion 37
2.4.1 Impact on Dispersion of Pigment Surface Properties 38
2.4.2 Impact on Dispersion of Particle Size and Distribution 38
2.5 Migration 39
2.5.1 The Main Reason for Migration 39
2.5.2 Impact of Chemical Structure and Concentration on Migration 40
2.5.3 Application of Migration Indicators 41
2.5.4 New Application Requirements for Migration in Consumer Goods Regulations 41
2.6 Light Fastness/ Weather Resistance 42
2.6.1 Chemical Structure and Particle Size of Pigment 43
2.6.2 Applications of Light Fastness (Weather Resistance) Indexes 44
2.6.3 Difference Between Light Fastness (Weather Resistance) Index and Practical Applications 47
2.7 Shrinkage/Warpage 47
2.7.1 Effect Based on Crystallization 48
2.7.2 Effect Based on Chemical Structure, Crystal Modification, Particle Size and Concentration of Pigment 50
2.7.3 Application of Shrinkage/Warpage Index 53
2.8 Chemical Stability 53
2.8.1 Acid and Alkali Resistance 53
2.8.2 Solvent Resistance 54
2.8.3 Oxidation Resistance 54
2.9 Security 55
2.9.1 Acute Toxicity of Chemicals 55
2.9.2 Organic Pigments Impurities 55
2.9.3 Security of Double Chloride Benzidine Pigment 56
2.9.4 Heavy Metal in Inorganic Pigments 59
Chapter 3 Main Types and Properties of Inorganic Pigments and Specialty Effect Pigments / 61
3.1 Development History of Inorganic Pigments 61
3.2 Classification and Composition of Inorganic Pigments 63
3.2.1 Classification of Inorganic Pigments 63
3.2.2 Composition of Inorganic Pigments 63
3.3 Plastic Coloring Properties of Inorganic Pigment 65
3.3.1 Requirements of Inorganic Pigment in Properties 65
3.3.2 Impact of Inorganic Pigment Particle Characters on Coloring Properties 66
3.3.3 Safety of Inorganic Pigments in Plastic Coloring 69
3.4 Main Use of Inorganic Pigment in Plastics 70
3.4.1 Coloring for Plastics 70
3.4.2 Special Functions 71
3.5 The Main Varieties and Properties of Inorganic Pigments and Effect Pigments 76
3.5.1 Achromatic Pigments 76
3.5.2 The Main Varieties and Properties of Color Inorganic Pigment 87
3.5.3 The Main Varieties and Properties of Effect Pigments (Inorganic) 113
3.5.4 Main Varieties and Properties of Effect Pigments (Organic) 124
Chapter 4 Main Types and Properties of Organic Pigments / 132
4.1 History of Organic Pigments 132
4.2 Classification of Organic Pigments 133
4.3 Importance of Organic Pigments in Plastics Coloring 136
4.3.1 Differences Between Organic and Inorganic Pigments 136
4.3.2 Difference of Organic Pigments and Solvent Dyes 139
4.4 Relationship between Color Performance and Pigment Chemical Structure, Crystal Structure, Application Media 141
4.5 Azo Pigment 142
4.5.1 Monoazo Pigment 142
4.5.2 Disazo Pigments 176
4.5.3 Disazo Condensation Pigments 185
4.6 Phthalocyanine Pigments 201
4.6.1 Blue phthalocyanine pigments 202
4.6.2 Green Phthalocyanine Pigments 206
4.7 Heterocyclic and Polycyclic Ketonic Pigments 209
4.7.1 Dioxazine Pigments 210
4.7.2 Quinacridone Pigments 213
4.7.3 Perylene and Pyrene Ketone 220
4.7.4 Anthraquinone and Anthraquinone Ketone Pigments 227
4.7.5 Isoindolinone and Isoindoline Pigments 231
4.7.6 Diketopyrrolo-pyrrolo Pigment 237
4.7.7 Quinophthalone Pigments 244
4.7.8 Metal Complex-based Pigments 246
4.7.9 Thiazide Pigments 248
4.7.10 Pteridine Pigments 249
Chapter 5 Main Varieties and Properties of Solvent Dyestuffs / 252
5.1 Development History of Solvent Dyestuffs 252
5.2 Types, Properties and Varieties of Solvent Dyestuffs 253
5.3 Application Characteristics of Solvent Dyestuffs in Coloring of Plastics 256
5.3.1 Solubility 257
5.3.2 Sublimation 258
5.3.3 Melting Point 259
5.4 Market and Produce of Solvent Dyestuffs 259
5.5 Main Varieties and Properties of Solvent Dyestuffs 260
5.5.1 Anthraquinone Solvent Dyestuffs 261
5.5.2 Heterocyclic Solvent Dyestuffs 275
5.5.3 Methine Solvent Dyestuffs 287
5.5.4 Azo Solvent Dyestuffs 290
5.5.5 Azomethine Solvent Dyestuffs 292
5.5.6 Phthalocyanine Solvent Dyestuffs 294
Chapter 6 Plastic Colorants Inspection Method and Standard / 296
6.1 Inspection and Standard 296
6.1.1 Importance of Inspection 296
6.1.2 Adopt International Standards, Improve Enterprise Competitiveness 297
6.1.3 Quality Control Test and Application Performance Test 298
6.1.4 Standards 299
6.2 Quality Tests and Standards of Color Performance 302
6.2.1 Composition of The Basic Mixtures of PVC 303
6.2.2 Test of Color Performance 304
6.2.3 Evaluation of Color Performance 305
6.3 Evaluation of Color Stability to Heat During Processing of Coloring Materials in Plastics 307
6.3.1 Evaluation by Injection Moulding (HG/4767.2—2014, EN BS 12877-2) 307
6.3.2 Evaluation by Oven Test (HG/T 4767.3—2014, EN BS 12877-3) 308
6.3.3 Evaluation by Two-roll Milling 309
6.4 Standards and Methods of Assessment of Dispersibility in Plastics 310
6.4.1 Evaluation by Two-roll Milling 311
6.4.2 Evaluation by Filter Pressure Value Test (HG/T 4768.5—2014, EN BS 13900-5) 312
6.4.3 Evaluation by Film Test( EN BS 13900-6) 314
6.5 The Test Methods and Standard of Migration ( HG/T 4769.4—2014, EN BS 14469-4) 315
6.6 The Test Methods and Standards of Light Fastness and Weather Resistance 316
6.6.1 Sunlight Fastness and Weather Resistance Test 317
6.6.2 Light Fastness to Artificial Light and Weather Resistance Tests 320
6.7 Evaluation of Chemical Stability 326
6.7.1 Test for Acid Resistance and Alkali Resistance 326
6.7.2 Solvent Resistance Test 327
6.8 Evaluation of Warpage and Deformability 328
6.8.1 Evaluation of Degeneration or Shrinkage 328
6.8.2 Evaluation of Warpage 329
Chapter 7 Pigment Dispersion in Plastics / 331
7.1 The Purpose and Significance of Pigment Dispersion in Plastics 331
7.1.1 Improving Pigment Coloring 331
7.1.2 Meeting the Requirement of The Plastic Processing For The Pigment Dispersion 332
7.2 Dispersion of Pigments in Plastic 334
7.2.1 The Types and Properties of Particles Before Pigment Dispersion 334
7.2.2 Dispersion of Pigment in Plastic 336
7.3 Wetting 338
7.3.1 Wetting Phenomena and its Evaluation Contact Angle and Young’s Equation 338
7.3.2 Pigment Wetting 339
7.3.3 The Judgment Basis of Pigment Surface Properties——Wetting Angle 347
7.4 Pigment Dispersion 348
7.5 The Dispersion Stability of Pigments 350
7.5.1 The stabilization Mechanism of Double Electronic layer 351
7.5.2 The stabilization Mechanism of Steric Hindrance 354
7.6 Color Masterbatch and Pigment Preparation 358
7.6.1 The Definition of Masterbatch 358
7.6.2 Pigment Dispersion in the Color Masterbatch of Polyolefin 359
7.6.3 The Jewel on the Crown of the Color Masterbatch Technology—Chemical Fiber Dyeing 367
7.6.4 Pre-Dispersed Pigment Preparations for Plastics 374
Chapter 8 Practical Technology and Quality Control of Color Matching for Plastics Coloring / 376
8.1 Basic Theory and Principles of Color Matching 377
8.1.1 Basic Theory 377
8.1.2 Basic Principles of Color Matching 378
8.1.3 Color Matching for Plastics Coloring is a Complex Process 379
8.2 Basic Knowledge That Color Matching Staff Should Have 380
8.2.1 Comprehensive Understanding the Performance of Colorant 380
8.2.2 Comprehensive Understanding the Performance of Plastics 381
8.2.3 Fully Grasp the Process Conditions of Plastic Molding Process 381
8.2.4 Fully Understand the Type of Plastic Processing Aids and Master the Content 381
8.2.5 Comprehensive Understanding of the Safety Regulations of Plastic Products at Home and
Abroad 382
8.3 Basic Steps of Color Matching 382
8.3.1 Preparatory Work of Color Matching 382
8.3.2 Specific Steps of Color Matching 383
8.4 Quality Control 389
8.4.1 Chromatic Aberration 390
8.4.2 Quality Control of Formula Design 394
8.4.3 Quality Control of Production 394
8.4.4 Establish Quality Control System 396
8.4.5 Problems and Solutions 397
8.5 Practical Technology of Color Matching 399
8.5.1 How to Formulate Special White Colorant for Plastic Coloring 399
8.5.2 How to Formulate Special Black Colorant for Plastic Coloring 400
8.5.3 How to Formulate Gray for Plastic Coloring 400
8.5.4 How to Formulate Colorant for Outdoor Plastic Products 401
8.5.5 How to Formulate Colorant for Transparent Products 402
8.5.6 How to Formulate Pearlescent Colorant for Plastic Coloring 403
8.5.7 How to Formulate Gold, Silver Colorant for Plastic Coloring 404
8.5.8 How to Formulate Fluorescent Colorant for Plastic Coloring 405
Reference / 406