本书涵盖苏联的新经济政策时期，即1921—1929年的苏联历史。内战结束之际，农民起义、兵变迫使布尔什维克党结束军事 的实验，改行新经济政策，在经济上对农民作出重大让步。但是在政治领域，并没有进行相应的改革，反而加强党对社会的控制，对 、知识分子以及其他社会主义政党（社会革命党和孟什维克党）实施镇压。虽然列宁在 时日曾建议进行政治制度的改革，但其继任者利用 的步步胜利，逐步集大权于一身，个人专权。在文化领域20年代相对宽松，因而产生一些传世作品，但书报检查制度不断加强，对文化的发展产生严重的消极影响。经济改革缺乏配套的政治体制改革，得不到政治体制的保护，遂导致新经济政策的夭折。本书依据 档案资料、党的各种会议的速记记录，对新经济政策的成就和问题作了如实的阐述，详细介绍了决定苏联命运的20年代的 ，深入揭示了20年代政治体制与经济体制之间的矛盾及其致命后果。 ???????????????序·······································································李凤林 1主编的话 ····························································郑异凡 5导 言 ········································································ 1 章 向新经济政策过渡 ··········································1 节 严重的政治经济危机 ····································2第二节 寻找出路 ·················································· 33第三节 俄共第十次代表大会和向新经济政策转变 ······· 43第四节 大饥荒，东正教和没收教会珍宝 ··················· 56第二章 新经济政策的实施 ········································ 73 节 农业中的新经济政策 ·································· 74第二节 工业的改革和恢复 ····································· 95第三节 商业的恢复和发展 ···································· 113第四节 新经济政策的重大成就——财政金融改革 ······123第三章 列宁的探索和思考 ·······································137 节 新经济政策——从被迫到自觉 ·····················138第二节 对军事 的反思 ······························139第三节 从“产品交换”到“商品买卖” ···················142第四节 退却和进攻 ··············································149第五节 对农民的估计 ·························································· 151第六节 “长期的、认真的”政策 ············································ 153第七节 前景和“热月” ························································ 154第八节 ?的探索 ····························································· 156第九节 列宁卧病和逝世 ······················································· 166第四章 世界革命和冲破资本主义的封锁 ································ 195 节 世界革命的期待和输出革命的失败 ····························· 196第二节 格鲁吉亚民主共和国及其被兼并 ································· 198第三节 热那亚的突破。与各国建立外交关系 ·························· 206第四节 “策动”德国革命的失败 ············································ 209第五节 俄中关系 ································································ 212第五章 苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟（苏联）的成立 ··············· 215 节 布尔什维克党和列宁制定的民族政策 ·························· 216第二节 各民族共和国联合的进程 ·········································· 218第三节 建立联盟问题的提出 ················································ 220第四节 斯大林的“自治化”方案 ·········································· 221第五节 “再建一层新楼”——列宁的主张 ······························· 223第六节 苏联的成立 ····························································· 227第七节 冲突在继续——格鲁吉亚事件 ···································· 230第六章 20 世纪 20 年代的共产党和 ?························· 251 节 党内民主化的尝试和流产 ·········································· 253第二节 “ ”一职的设立，“在册权贵”的起源 ············256第三节 列宁卧病期间的党内形势 ·········································· 267第四节 争取党内民主的斗争——“新方针”的争论 ················· 269第五节 十月革命史和 ——《十月的教训》 ·················· 286第六节 “三驾马车”、“七人小组”及其内部矛盾 ······················ 296第七节 “新反对派” ····························································· 305第八节 “托洛茨基季诺维也夫联盟”（“联合反对派”）·············· 331第九节 布哈林、李可夫和托姆斯基的抗争 ····························· 358第七章 20 世纪 20 年代的政治体制········································ 415 节 在政治体制改革的十字路口······································· 416第二节 右派社会革命党人审判案与一党制的 形成·············· 432第三节 “哲学之船”——驱逐知识分子 ·································· 460第四节 农民政治上的不平等 ················································ 473第五节 收缩新经济政策的某些做法······································· 477第六节 1925 年新经济政策的扩展 ········································· 484第七节 新经济政策的黄昏 ·················································· 488第八章 斯大林模式的源头······················································ 495 节 从 电气化计划到五年计划···································· 496第二节 工业化的启动·························································· 501第三节 合作化还是集体化？ ················································ 517第四节 沙赫特案件——20 世纪 30 年代镇压的预演·················· 527第九章 20 世纪 20 年代的文化··············································· 535 节 无产阶级文化派以及其他文学团体 ····························· 538第二节 俄共中央召开的文学会议及其决议 ····························· 547第三节 繁荣的 20 世纪 20 年代文艺······································· 554第四节 书报检查制度·························································· 558第五节 对文化界的镇压······················································· 601第十章 新经济政策的终结······················································ 605 节 围绕新经济政策的争论和斗争···································· 606第二节 新经济政策的终结 ··················································· 624附 录······················································································ 645参考书目 ············································································· 646主题索引 ············································································· 660人名索引 ············································································· 670人物简介 ············································································· 685大 事 记 ············································································· 721