Chapter 1  Basic of Soil Erosion and Conservation

  Unit 1  Outline of Soil Erosion

    1.1  Conception

    1.2  Forms & features of main soil erosion types

      1.2.1  Water erosion

      1.2.2  Wind erosion

      1.2.3  Mass erosion

    1.3  Factors affecting soil erosion

      1.3.1  Natural factors

      1.3.2  Human activities increase soil erosion

      1.3.3  Climate change changes soil erosion intensity

    1.4  Site effects of soil erosion

    1.5  Global environmental effects

      1.5.1  Land degradation

      1.5.2  Sedimentation of aquatic ecosystems

      1.5.3  Airborne dust pollution

    1.6  Monitoring, measuring and modeling soil erosion

    1.7  Prevention and remediation

  Unit 2  Water Erosion

    2.1  Rill erosion

      2.1.1  Conception

      2.1.2  Rills created by erosion

      2.1.3  Rill initiation

      2.1.4  Significance of rill erosion

    2.2  Gully erosion

      2.2.1  r Conception

      2.2.2  Formation and consequences

    2.3  Headward erosion

      2.3.1  Conception

      2.3.2  Stream types created by headward erosion

      2.3.3  Drainage patterns created by headward erosion

    2.4  Debris flow

      2.4.1  Conception

      2.4.2  Features and behavior

  Unit 3  Wind Erosion

    3.1  Conception

    3.2  Transport

    3.3  Deposition

    3.4  Aeolian landform

      3.4.1  The types of wind erosion landforms

      3.4.2  The types of wind deposition landforms

  Unit 4  Mass Erosion

    4.1  Overview

    4.2  Sinkholes

    4.3  Earthflows

    4.4  Landslides

  Unit 5  Sandy Desertification

    5.1  Conception

    5.2  Areas affected

    5.3  Causes and consequences

      5.3.1  Vegetation destruction

      5.3.2  Climate change

      5.3.3  Overgrazing

      5.3.4  Irrigated croplands

    5.4  Countermeasures and prevention

      5.4.1  Reforestation

      5.4.2  Enriching of the soil and restoration fertility

      5.4.3  Farmer-managed natural regeneration

      5.4.4  Carbon trading and carbon sequestration

      5.4.5  Sustainable land and soil management

  Unit 6  Rocky Desertification

    6.1  Conception

    6.2  Causes

      6.2.1  Natural processes

      6.2.2  Human factor

    6.3  Distributions

    6.4  Environmental, social and economic hazard

      6.4.1  Environmental hazards

      6.4.2  Social hazards

      6.4.3  Economic hazards

  Unit 7  Dust Storm

    7.1  Conception