书名：Picturing Heaven in Early China / 中国早期的天象图
定价：688.0
ISBN：9780674060692
作者：Lillian Lan-ying Tseng
版次：1
出版时间：2011-01

内容提要：
书名：Picturing Heaven in Early China / 图绘天界：早期中国的宇宙观与艺术
作者：Lillian Lan-ying Tseng (曾蓝莹)
出版社：Harvard University Asia Center (哈佛大学亚洲中心，由哈佛大学出版社发行)，2011年
装帧：精装，446页
语种：英文
尺寸：约 17.8*25.4 cm（7 x 10 英寸）

ISBN：978-0-6740-6069-2

简介
“天”在早期中国有多种含义。自西周起，“天”既指天空，也指至高神，后来被视为驱动宇宙运行的力量，以及神灵和神兽的居所。到了汉代，大量视觉材料描绘“天”，“天”的概念已涵盖凡人死后可以升入的仙境。作者利用考古出土材料，展示了汉代工匠如何将“天”的多重含义——作为天命、幻想和天空——转化为图像实体。汉代的“天”不是通过工匠之所见来呈现，而是通过工匠之所思来暗示。工匠通过借鉴和改造相关的宇宙观、神话和天文学知识，使“天”变得可见。因此，汉代中国的“天”的图像反映了图像与知识之间的交叉界面。通过考察仪式建筑、家用器具和丧葬环境装饰中对“天”的描绘，曾蓝莹认为视觉可见性可以映照视觉观念：“天”是文化建构的，也应通过文化来重构。

Tian, or Heaven, had multiple meanings in early China. It had been used since the Western Zhou to indicate both the sky and the highest god, and later came to be regarded as a force driving the movement of the cosmos and as a home to deities and imaginary animals. By the Han dynasty, which saw an outpouring of visual materials depicting Heaven, the concept of Heaven encompassed an immortal realm to which humans could ascend after death. Using excavated materials, Lillian Tseng shows how Han artisans transformed various notions of Heaven—as the mandate, the fantasy, and the sky—into pictorial entities. The Han Heaven was not indicated by what the artisans looked at, but rather was suggested by what they looked into. Artisans attained the visibility of Heaven by appropriating and modifying related knowledge of cosmology, mythology, astronomy. Thus the depiction of Heaven in Han China reflected an interface of image and knowledge. By examining Heaven as depicted in ritual buildings, on household utensils, and in the embellishments of funerary settings, Tseng maintains that visibility can hold up a mirror to visuality; Heaven was culturally constructed and should be culturally reconstructed.