内容简介

本书系统地介绍了全氟化合物的性质和生态毒理学等方面的最新研究成果与进展。全书共分为10章。第1章概述部分介绍了PFCs的性质、毒性作用、来源和环境行为；第2章综述了PFCs在水体和陆地环境中的生态毒理学；第3章介绍了PFOA对水体中恶臭假单胞菌的急性毒性作用；第4章研究了四种不同碳链长度的PFCs与铜对一株耐金属节杆菌GQ-9的联合作用；第5章在模拟生理条件下研究了不同碳链长度的PFCAs与人血清白蛋白（HSA）的结合机理；第6章研究了官能团对PFCs与BSA作用机理的影响；第7章研究了四种施肥处理下PFOA对小麦土壤微生物活性的影响；第8章研究了6种不同碳链长度和官能团的PFCs对土壤微生物活性的毒性；第9章通过Illumina
Miseq测序和IlluminaHiseqXten确定PFOA和PFOS对细菌群落的影响；第10章试图找出知识上的差距，并提出未来可能的研究方向。本书适合作为高等学校和科研院所环境相关专业的研究人员从事新型POPs研究的参考书。

前言概述

Perfluorinatedcompounds(PFCs)areorganicsubstancesinwhichallofthehydrogensofthehydrocarbonbackbonesaresubstitutedwithfluorineatomsThelongcarbonchainstructurefunctionalizedwithhydrophilicgroupsgivesPFCstheiramphiphilicproperties,andthecarbonfluorinebond(4412kJmol)structureprovidesphysical,chemical,andbiologicalinertnessOwingtotheseproperties,PFCshavebeenmanufacturedformorethan60yearsandarecommonlyusedinnumerousindustrialapplicationsandconsumer
productsTheycanbedividedintothegroupsofperfluorinatedsulfonicacids(PFSAs),perfluorinatedcarboxylicacids(PFCAs),fluorotelomeralcohols,highmolecularweightfluoropolymersandlowmolecularweightperfluoroalkanamidesThemostcommonlystudiedPFCsarePFSAsandPFCAsAmongthem,perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS)andperfluorooctanoicacid(PFOA),oftenreferredtoasreferenceorkeysubstancesforthefirsttwogroups,areofgreatestconcernastheyarepresentinalmostallenvironmentalsamples
andaregenerallydetectedinthehighestconcentrations,whichhavebeenmostintensivelystudiedfromatoxicologicalstandpointBecauseoftheirworldwideapplication,PFCshavebeenreleasedtotheenvironmentallovertheworldviavariouswaysduringmanufacture,distribution,useanddisposalTherearebothdirectandindirectsourcesforPFCsemissionstotheenvironmentDirectsourcesresultfromtheindustrywidemanufactureanduse,whileindirectsourcesarethosewherePFCsarepresentaschemical
reactionimpuritiesorwheresubstancesmaydegradetoformPFCsNumerousmonitoringstudiesrevealedthatPFCshavebeendetectedinnearlyallenvironmentalmediaandbiota,includingdrinkingwater,surfacewater,groundwater,atmosphere,silt,soil,sediments,indoorandoutdoordust,reflectingtheirwidespreadglobalpollutionThewidespreaddistributionandextendedresidencetimesintheenvironmentandorganismofsomePFCshaveledtoincreasedfocusontheirpotentialhealthriskDuetothepotentialhealth
risk,thesurfactantPFOS,itssalts,andperfluorooctanesulfonylfluoride(PFOSF),PFOAandPFHxSandtheirsaltswereaddedintotheStockholmConventiontextUntilnow,theecologicaleffectofPFCshasbeenmainlyconductedinaquaticandterrestrialenvironmentsusingaquaticanimals,aquaticplants,soilinvertebrates,soilmicroorganisms,andterrestrialplantsTherefore,inthismonogragh,weaimtosummarizeandupdatetheinformationontheecotoxicologyoftypicallyPFCsinaquatic(Chapter36)
andterrestrial(Chapter79)environments

作者介绍

陈辉伦，男，北京科技大学副教授，硕士生导师，1984年9月出生，湖北监利人。主要从事新型POPs的环境生物地球化学行为方面的教学与科研工作。近年来，主持国家自然科学基金2项、国家重点研发计划子课题1项、国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项子任务1项。获得北京市高等教育教学成果奖二等奖1项、中国环境科学学会青年科技奖等，发表学术论文80余篇。

目录

1Introduction1

References5

2Review on Ecotoxicology of PFCs12

2.1Occurrence of PFCs12

2.1.1Drinking water12

2.1.2Groundwater12

2.1.3Freshwater and seawater13

2.1.4Soil and vegetation20

2.2Toxicity of PFCs23

2.2.1Aquatic plants23

2.2.2Algae25

2.2.3Invertebrates species28

2.2.4Bacteria34

2.2.5Amphibians35

2.2.6Fish37

2.2.7Terrestrial microorganisms47

2.2.8Terrestrial plants53

2.2.9Terrestrial invertebrates57

2.3Factors affecting toxicity of PFCs63

2.3.1Sexual difference of aquatic animals63

2.3.2Developmental stage of an organism64

2.3.3Salt64

2.3.4Different routes of exposure65

2.4Summary65

References66

3Toxicity of PFOA to Pseudomonas putida in the Aquatic

Environment813.1Materials and methods82

3.1.1Microorganisms and materials82

3.1.2Experimental procedure83

3.1.3Microcalorimetric determination83

3.1.4Determination the surface pressure of PFOA83

3.1.5Statistical analyses84

3.2Results and discussion84

3.2.1Powertime curves of P. putida growth84

3.2.2Thermokinetic parameters of P. putida growth85

3.2.3The surface pressure of PFOA89

3.3Summary91

References91

4Single and Joint Toxicity of PFCs and Copper to Metal

Resistant Arthrobacter Strains954.1Materials and methods97

4.1.1Microorganisms and materials97

4.1.2Experimental procedure97

4.1.3GQ9 growth curve97

4.1.4Single and joint toxicity test97

4.1.5Statistical analyses98

4.2Results and discussion98

4.2.1The optical density of GQ9 growth98

4.2.2Individual toxicity of PFCAs to GQ999

4.2.3Joint toxicity of PFCAs and copper to GQ9103

4.3Summary106

References106

5The Interaction Mechanisms of PFCs with HSA: Effect of Carbon

Chain Length1105.1Materials and methods111

5.1.1Materials111

5.1.2Fluorescence spectrometry measurements112

5.1.3FTIR spectroscopic measurements112

5.1.4Molecular docking study112

5.2Results and discussion113

5.2.1The binding mechanism113

5.2.2The characterization of binding force117

5.2.3The conformational changes of HSA117

5.2.4Molecular modeling results120

5.3Summary122

References123

6The Interaction Mechanisms of PFCs with BSA:Effect of

Functional Group1276.1Materials and methods129

6.1.1Materials129

6.1.2Fluorescence quenching measurements129

6.1.3UVVis absorbance spectra129

6.1.4FTIR spectroscopic measurements130

6.1.5Molecular modeling methods130

6.2Results and discussion130

6.2.1Fluorescence quenching spectra of BSA130

6.2.2Mechanisms of fluorescence quenching132

6.2.3Thermodynamic parameters and binding modes136

6.2.4Identification of the specific binding sites138

6.2.5Conformation investigation of BSA140

6.2.6Molecular modeling study143

6.3Summary146

References146

7Toxicity of PFOA to Soil Microbial Activity: Effect of Fertilization

Conditions1497.1Materials and methods150

7.1.1Site description150

7.1.2Experimental design and treatments150

7.1.3Soil sampling and analysis151

7.1.4Microcalorimetric measurements152

7.1.5Molecular modeling methods152

7.1.6Statistical analysis153

7.2Results and discussion153

7.2.1Soil chemical analysis153

7.2.2Powertime curves of soil microorganisms153

7.2.3Differences in toxicity of PFOA to soil microorganisms156

7.2.4Soil enzyme activity158

7.2.5Molecular modeling study160

7.3Summary162

References163

8Toxicity of PFCs to Soil Microbial Activity:Effect of Carbon

Chain Length,Functional Group and Soil Properties1678.1Materials and methods169

8.1.1Chemicals169

8.1.2Soil characterization169

8.1.3Microcalorimetric measurements170

8.2Results and discussion170

8.2.1Powertime curves170

8.2.2Differences in toxicity response of soil microorganisms to

PFCs178

8.3Summary183

References184

9Response of Soil Microbial Community to PFCs Stress189

9.1Materials and methods191

9.1.1Chemicals and materials191

9.1.2Experimental design191

9.1.3DNA extraction192

9.1.416S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis192

9.1.5Metagenome sequencing and annotation193

9.2Results and discussion194

9.2.1Effects of PFCs on soil bacterial community richness and

diversity194

9.2.2Effects of PFCs on soil bacterial community structure196

9.2.3Effects of PFCs on soil bacterial community function200

9.3Summary213

References214

10Conclusions and Prospects219

References221