目录第一章概述......................

91.1工艺基本描述............................................................................

91.2铜锍吹炼的工艺流程............................................................................

101.3铜锍的化学组成..................................................................12

第二章铜锍吹炼的基本原理......................................................................................132.1吹炼时的主要物理化学变化................................................................................

132.2Cu2S的氧化与粗铜的生成..................................................................................142.3Fe3O4的生成与破坏..........................................................................................152.4吹炼过程中杂质元素的行为................................................................................
162.4.1Ni3S2在吹炼过程中的变化........................................................................172.4.2CoS在吹炼过程中的变化...........................................................................172.4.3ZnS在吹炼过程中的变化...........................................................................
172.4.4PbS在吹炼过程中的变化...........................................................................182.4.5Bi2S3在吹炼过程中的变化........................................................................182.4.6砷、锑化合物在吹炼过程中的变化............................................................
182.4.7贵金属在吹炼过程中的变化......................................................................19第三章转炉的结构及耐火材料..................................................................................203.1转炉结构概述.....................................................................................................
203.1.1炉壳及内衬材料........................................................................................203.1.2炉口.........................................................................................................213.1.3风口.........................................................................................................
223.2转炉附属设备.....................................................................................................233.2.1供风系统..................................................................................................233.2.2传动系统..................................................................................................
233.2.3排烟系统..................................................................................................243.2.4石英、冷料加入系统.................................................................................253.2.5加残极系统...............................................................................................
253.2.6烘烤装置..................................................................................................253.3转炉耐火材料.....................................................................................................263.3.1硅酸盐结合镁铬砖(普通镁铬砖)................................................................
263.3.2直接结合镁铬砖........................................................................................273.3.3熔粒再结合镁铬砖(电熔再结合镁铬砖)......................................................273.3.4熔铸镁铬砖亦称电铸镁砖..........................................................................
273.3.5不定形耐火材料........................................................................................283.3.6转炉的砌炉要求........................................................................................28第四章转炉吹炼的生产实践......................................................................................
294.1吹炼过程的描述.................................................................................................294.2作业制度............................................................................................................304.2.1单炉吹炼..................................................................................................
304.2.2炉交换吹炼...............................................................................................314.2.3期交换吹炼...............................................................................................314.2.4转炉吹炼制度的选定原则..........................................................................
324.3转炉吹炼加料.....................................................................................................324.4铜锍吹炼产物及放渣与出铜操作.........................................................................334.4.1吹炼产物..................................................................................................
334.4.2排渣操作..................................................................................................344.4.3出铜操作..................................................................................................354.4.4底渣控制..................................................................................................
354.5转炉的开、停炉作业..........................................................................................364.5.1开炉.........................................................................................................364.5.2停炉.........................................................................................................
374.5.3洗炉过程的注意事项：.............................................................................384.6转炉吹炼过程中常见的故障及处理.....................................................................384.6.1转炉喷炉的原因及处理.............................................................................
384.6.2粗铜过吹时的特征、原因及其处理............................................................394.6.3熔体过冷的原因及其处理..........................................................................394.6.4炉渣发粘的原因及处理.............................................................................
404.7转炉操作过程中疑难问题处置............................................................................404.7.1解决冰铜在吹炼过程中无法造渣难题........................................................404.7.2如何防止转炉“恶喷”................................................................................
424.7.3如何防止和处理转炉渣过吹......................................................................444.7.4转炉生产作业模式的探索..........................................................................454.7.53H2B作业模式对相关岗位的要求.............................................................
474.7.6如何提高转炉炉寿命.................................................................................484.7.7转炉加冷料时机的把握与判断...................................................................504.7.8炼铜转炉造渣、筛炉、粗铜吹炼终点的判断与控制...................................514.7.9如何防止和处理转炉粗铜过吹...................................................................
554.8吹炼过程的技术经济指标...................................................................................574.8.1送风时率..................................................................................................574.8.2铜的直收率...............................................................................................
584.8.3炉寿命......................................................................................................584.8.4转炉的生产率...........................................................................................604.8.5耐火砖消耗...............................................................................................
60第五章转炉作业技术操作规程..................................................................................625.1转炉生产工艺控制、作业、监控参数..................................................................625.1.1铜转炉生产工艺控制参数..........................................................................
625.1.2铜转炉生产作业参数................................................................................625.1.3镍转炉生产工艺控制参数..........................................................................625.1.4镍转炉生产作业参数.................................................................................
625.2岗位生产作业程序..............................................................................................635.2.1过程描述..................................................................................................635.2.2进低冰铜操作...........................................................................................
635.2.3加冷料操作...............................................................................................645.2.4加石英操作...............................................................................................655.2.5开风操作..................................................................................................
655.2.6停风操作..................................................................................................655.2.7一周期放渣操作........................................................................................665.2.8筛炉期放渣操作........................................................................................
665.2.9炉后捅风眼操作........................................................................................665.2.10110吨转炉排烟系统操作.........................................................................675.2.11环保排烟系统操作...................................................................................
685.2.12用氧操作................................................................................................695.2.13闭渣操作................................................................................................705.2.14Fe3O4挂炉操作......................................................................................
705.2.15室内外控制系统转换操作........................................................................715.2.16安全坑清理操作......................................................................................715.2.17残极机组备料操作..................................................................................
715.2.18残极机组加料操作..................................................................................725.2.19残极机组自动控制液压系统操作.............................................................725.2.20残极机组自动控制加料操作....................................................................
725.2.21开炉作业程序.........................................................................................745.2.22停炉作业程序.........................................................................................765.3岗位生产工艺控制程序.......................................................................................
775.3.1渣含硅控制程序.......................................................................................775.3.2温度控制程序..........................................................................................795.3.3粗铜终点控制程序...................................................................................
805.3.4炉温过低纠正程序...................................................................................815.3.5炉温过高纠正程序...................................................................................815.3.6渣过吹纠正程序.......................................................................................
825.3.7铜过吹纠正程序.......................................................................................825.3.8高镍锍含铁控制程序.................................................................................835.3.9高镍锍过吹的操作....................................................................................
84第六章转炉作业安全操作程序、动作标准...............................................................856.1炉长、操作炉长岗位.........................................................................................856.2炉助岗位............................................................................................................
906.3看水岗位............................................................................................................92第七章转炉的检修与维护.........................................................................................957.1设备的维护检修周期..........................................................................................
957.2设备的小、中、大修内容...................................................................................957.2.1小修........................................................................................................957.2.2中修........................................................................................................
957.2.3大修........................................................................................................967.3检修前具备的条件...........................................................................................967.4设备的检修拆除安装步骤.................................................................................
967.4.1炉内衬砖检修步骤....................................................................................967.4.2托辊及轴瓦检修步骤.................................................................................977.4.3双球面活接头密封件检修步骤..................................................................
977.5检修质量标准..................................................................................................987.5.1托辊.........................................................................................................987.5.2齿圈、托圈...............................................................................................
987.5.3传动部分..................................................................................................987.5.4炉体.........................................................................................................997.5.5旋转烟罩..................................................................................................
997.5.6密封小车..................................................................................................997.6试车与验收......................................................................................................997.7设备点检标准................................................................................................
1007.8设备检查维护................................................................................................1007.8.1设备润滑...............................................................................................1007.8.2运转中的检查........................................................................................
1017.8.3日常维护和调整.....................................................................................1017.9异常及故障排除.............................................................................................101第八章转炉作业事故应急........................................................................................
1038.1转炉区域分布图及应急逃生路线......................................................................1038.2二氧化硫氯气泄露下的应急操作及紧急避险.....................................................1038.3触电的急救......................................................................................................
1048.4烫伤的急救.......................................................................................................1058.5火灾的预防与应急处理.....................................................................................1068.6物体打击的急救与处理.....................................................................................
1068.7翻炉事故的应急处理程序..................................................................................1078.8操作过程中的停风应急处理程序.......................................................................1078.9操作过程中的停电应急处理程序.......................................................................
1078.10操作过程中的停水应急处理程序.....................................................................1078.11炉腹发红的应急处理程序................................................................................1078.12炉温过低的应急处理程序................................................................................
1088.13炉温过高的应急处理程序................................................................................1088.14渣过吹的应急处理程序...................................................................................1088.15铜过吹的应急处理程序...................................................................................
1098.16渣含硅过高或不足的处理程序.........................................................................1098.16.1渣含硅过多的判断.................................................................................1098.16.2转炉渣含硅不足的判断..........................................................................
1098.17转炉传动系统故障的应急处理程序..................................................................1108.18转炉排烟系统故障的操作程序.........................................................................1108.19转炉炉内掉砖、烧穿的应急处理程序...............................................................
110第九章铜锍吹炼的其它方法....................................................................................1119.1反射炉式连续吹炼.............................................................................................1119.2诺兰达连续吹炼转炉.........................................................................................
1119.3澳斯麦特炉吹炼................................................................................................1139.4三菱法吹炼.......................................................................................................1139.5底吹炉吹炼.......................................................................................................
1149.5.1底吹炉工艺流程......................................................................................1149.5.2底吹炉熔炼工艺的优势............................................................................1159.6侧吹炉吹炼.......................................................................................................
1179.6.1侧吹炉工艺流程......................................................................................1179.6.2赤峰侧吹炉配置情况...............................................................................1189.6.3作业参数及技术经济指标........................................................................
1199.6.4侧吹炉系统人员配置...............................................................................1209.6.5排放溜槽及熔体排放组织........................................................................1209.6.6一、二次风.............................................................................................
1219.6.7赤峰侧吹炉烟尘情况...............................................................................121第十章复习题..........................................................................................................122一、填空题.....................................................................................................
123二、选择题.....................................................................................................130三、多项选择题..............................................................................................137四、判断题.....................................................................................................
143五、简答题.....................................................................................................147六、论述题.....................................................................................................151