Radiations from Radioactive Substances(Cambridge Library Collection - Physical Sciences)

基本信息

Series:Cambridge Library Collection - Physical Sciences

Format:Paperback / softback 632 pages, Worked examples or Exercises

Publisher:Cambridge University Press

Imprint:Cambridge University Press

ISBN:9781108009010

Published:17 Jun 2010

Weight:910g

Dimensions:152 x 229 x 36 (mm)

页面参数仅供参考，具体以实物为准

书籍简介

欧内斯特·卢瑟福爵士(1871-1937)是新西兰出生的物理学家，因发现所谓的原子行星结构而被称为“核物理之父”。1908年，他被授予诺贝尔化学奖。他的合著者詹姆斯·查德威克和查尔斯·d·埃利斯在核物理领域也有重大发现，查德威克在1932年发现了中子粒子。20世纪30年代，核物理的研究集中于研究射线、射线和射线的性质及其对物质和原子结构的影响。这卷提供了在1930年对这些类型的辐射的研究状态的一个明确的叙述，解释了推断原子的结构和原子核的结构背后的理论和过程。本卷的文本取自1930年版本的1951年再版。

Sir Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937) was a New Zealand-born physicist who has become known as the 'father of nuclear physics' for his discovery of the so-called planetary structure of atoms. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908. His co-authors, James Chadwick and Charles D. Ellis also made significant discoveries in the field of nuclear physics, with Chadwick discovering the neutron particle in 1932. Research in nuclear physics in the 1930s had become focused on investigating the natures of alpha, beta and gamma radiation and their effects on matter and atomic structure. This volume provides a definitive account of the state of research into these types of radiation in 1930, explaining the theory and process behind inferring the structure of the atom and the structure of the nucleus. The text of this volume is taken from a 1951 reissue of the 1930 edition.

目录

Preface

1. Radioactive transformations

2. The alpha rays

3. Absorption of the alpha rays

4. Some properties of the alpha particle

5. Theories of absorption of alpha rays

6. Secondary effects produced by alpha rays

7. General properties of the radiations

8. The scattering of alpha and beta particles

9. The collisions of alpha particles with light atoms

10. The artificial disintegration of the light elements

11. The radioactive nuclei

12. Beta ray and gamma ray spectra

13. The disintegration electrons

14. The passage of beta particles through matter

15. The scattering and absorption of gamma rays

16. Intensity problems connected with the emission of gamma rays

17. Atomic nuclei

18. Miscellaneous

Appendix

Indexes.

作者简介

欧内斯特·卢瑟福（英语：Ernest Rutherford，1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson，1871年8月30日－1937年10月19日），英国著名物理学家，知名为原子核物理学之父。学术界公认他为继法拉第之后最伟大的实验物理学家。

卢瑟福首先提出放射性半衰期的概念，证实放射性涉及从一个元素到另一个元素的嬗变。他又将放射性物质按照贯穿能力分类为α射线与β射线，并且证实前者就是氦离子。因为“对元素蜕变以及放射化学的研究”，他荣获1908年诺贝尔化学奖。

卢瑟福领导团队成功地证实在原子的中心有个原子核，创建了卢瑟福模型（行星模型）。他*先成功地在氮与α粒子的核反应里将原子分裂，他又在同实验里发现了质子，并且为质子命名。第104号元素为纪念他而命名为“鑪”。

Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OM, FRS, HonFRSE[2] (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand-born British physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics.[3] Encyclopædia Britannica considers him to be the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791–1867).

James Chadwick

Charles Drummond Ellis