本书采用历史学“论从史出、史论结合”的方法，按照事实发展的顺序与逻辑，研究戈尔巴乔夫改革的来龙去脉、苏联社会的发展变化、苏联经济从困境到危机的过程、苏联民族主义运动的兴起与民族分离主义的发展、戈尔巴乔夫新思维外交的起因与影响等等。本书旨在剖析戈尔巴乔夫改革历程的来龙去脉，分析戈尔巴乔夫所采取的各项政策出台过程、实践效果，研究当时苏联社会和苏共党内的状况及其对政策选择的影响。尝试解答人们所关心的问题，如：戈尔巴乔夫为什么要进行改革？改革为什么没成功？苏联民族分离主义运动为什么没有得到控制？在苏联解体的进程中，“8·19”事变发挥了什么样的作用？戈尔巴乔夫、叶利钦起了什么作用？苏联最后是怎样解体的？本书依据解密档案、各种文献资料、亲历者的回忆录和访谈录以及国内外的研究成果，对这一时期的历史问题作出了实事求是的阐释。序·······································································李凤林 1主编的话 ····························································郑异凡 5前 言··········································································1第一章 安德罗波夫和契尔年科时期的苏联·············· 37第一节 壮志未酬的安德罗波夫 ······························· 38第二节 毫无作为的契尔年科 ·································· 52第三节 苏联体制的弊端与问题——改革的历史前提··· 59第二章 戈尔巴乔夫上台及最初的改革措施·············· 85第一节 应运而生的戈尔巴乔夫——别无其他的选择··· 86第二节 改革——从更新干部开始···························100第三节 苏共二十七大——“新方针”的确立 ··········· 112第四节 “改革”方针误入歧途································125第三章 走上艰难的改革之路···································147第一节 经济改革方案的提出及实施························149第二节 政治体制改革的启动 ·································164第三节 纠正历史的错误与重评历史························181第四节 苏共对改革理论的探索与党内的分歧与斗争··199第四章 改革的重心转向政治体制 ···························223第一节 根本改革政治体制方针的确定 ···································· 224第二节 政治体制的根本变革 ················································ 248第三节 日益严重的经济与社会问题 ······································· 269第五章 1990 年：改革战略的再转变 ······································ 287第一节 苏联社会的巨大变化 ················································ 289第二节 苏联政治体制全面转向 ············································· 307第三节 试图向市场经济过渡 ················································ 327第六章 越来越尖锐的民族问题 ·············································· 355第一节 被忽视的民族问题 ··················································· 358第二节 处理失当的民族问题 ················································ 374第三节 俄罗斯民族主义和民族分离主义的发展 ······················· 406第七章 戈尔巴乔夫新思维外交的理论与实践 ························ 419第一节 新思维外交思想与苏联对外战略的大转变 ···················· 420第二节 苏联与西方国家关系的改善与发展 ····························· 438第三节 苏联调整对东欧国家的政策 ······································· 458第四节 实现苏中关系正常化 ················································ 478第八章 戈尔巴乔夫革新联盟的努力与“8·19”事变的冲击 ······························· 495第一节 苏联社会陷入全面危机 ············································· 496第二节 革新联盟：困难重重 ················································· 511第三节 事与愿违的“8·19”事变 ········································ 536第四节 “8·19”事变失败的原因与后果 ································· 563第九章 通往别洛韦日之路 ····················································· 579第一节 戈尔巴乔夫保留联盟的最后努力落空 ·························· 580第二节 从别洛韦日到阿拉木图 ············································· 597结束语······················································································ 617附 录······················································································ 637参考书目·············································································638主题索引·············································································653人名索引·············································································659人物简介·············································································670大事记················································································699