Retrospective Columns:

Ionic Capitals and Perceptions of the Past in Greek Architecture

回顾性柱式：希腊建筑中的爱奥尼亚柱头与历史认知

ISBN：9780691262550 

出版日期：2025年10月7日

页数：296

尺寸：7.5 x 10.5 英寸

页面参数仅供参考，具体以实物为准

古希腊建筑中的爱奥尼柱式在公元前六世纪逐渐演变。在《回顾柱式》一书中，塞缪尔·霍尔兹曼考察了一组常被忽视的九座爱奥尼式纪念碑，这些纪念碑设计各异，但其柱头却融合了两种风格：一面是公元前六世纪爱奥尼亚地区圆润饱满的凸涡卷纹，另一面则是当时更为简洁的凹涡卷纹。这种混合柱头的出现时间之长、分布之广令人惊讶，其足迹遍布公元前550年至公元前250年间的希腊、意大利和土耳其。

为什么古希腊建筑师有时会回归到更古老的雕刻风格，并将其与新的风格相结合呢？一种古老的理论认为，采用过时的风格是为了节省劳动力——霍尔兹曼通过一项大理石雕刻实验驳斥了这种观点，该实验重现了其中一座柱头的涡卷纹。他认为，混合柱头代表了希腊艺术中其他趋势的重要平行体现，尤其是“双语”阿提卡花瓶，它们融合了新旧绘画技法，呈现出纯粹的视觉美感。霍尔兹曼通过研究爱奥尼亚建筑的明暗对比雕刻效果和彩绘装饰，指出古代的观赏者早已习惯于关注这些细节的差异，书中配有大量原创图纸和图表对此进行了阐释。本书探索了爱奥尼亚、基克拉迪群岛、雅典和北爱琴海地区不同时期的爱奥尼亚建筑作品，揭示了建造者最终回归到看似过时的元素，是为了与过去建立联系，从而强化社群认同和建筑传统。

The Ionic order of ancient Greek architecture gradually evolved over the course of the sixth century BCE. In Retrospective Columns, Samuel Holzman examines an overlooked group of nine Ionic monuments that are varied in design but have capitals that combine the pillowy, convex volutes of sixth-century Ionia on one side and the crisp concave volutes of more contemporary styles on the other. Such hybrid capitals had a surprising longevity and range, spanning Greece, Italy, and Turkey between 550 and 250 BCE.

Why did ancient Greek builders sometimes revert to older carving styles and combine them with newer ones? One old theory is that outdated styles were a labor-saving shortcut—a notion Holzman puts to rest with a marble carving experiment that recreated the volutes of one capital. Rather, he argues that hybrid capitals represented an important parallel to other trends in Greek art, notably “bilingual” Attic vases, which combined older and newer painting techniques for sheer visual delight. By studying the chiaroscuro carving effects and painted polychrome decoration of Ionic architecture, Holzman shows that ancient viewers were primed to look for differences in such details, which the book illustrates with many original drawings and diagrams.

Exploring works of Ionic architecture from different periods in Ionia, the Cyclades, Athens, and the Northern Aegean, Retrospective Columns demonstrates that their builders ultimately returned to outmoded elements to establish continuity with the past, reinforcing community identities and architectural tradition.

塞缪尔·霍尔兹曼是普林斯顿大学艺术与考古系和西格希腊研究中心希腊建筑史助理教授。他领导着美国萨莫色雷斯考古发掘项目的建筑研究团队。

Samuel Holzman is assistant professor of Greek architectural history in the Department of Art & Archaeology and the Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton University. He leads the architectural research team of American Excavations Samothrace.