目录

●1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview of Biodegradable Plastics 5
1.1.1 Petro-Based Biodegradable Plastics 6
1.1.2 Bio-based Biodegradable Plastics 8
1.2 Biodegradable Plastics PBAT 11
1.2.1 PBAT Resin 12
1.2.2 PBAT Plastics 16
1.2.3 PBAT Products 18
References 25
2 PBAT Resin Synthetic Raw Materials 29
2.1 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) 29
2.1.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of BDO 30
2.1.2 Synthesis Process of BDO 32
2.1.3 Downstream Applications of BDO 40
2.1.4 Status of Development of BDO 44
2.2 Terephthalic Acid (PTA) 46
2.2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of PTA 46
2.2.2 Synthesis Process of PTA 48
2.2.3 Downstream Applications of PTA 54
2.2.4 Development of PTA 56
2.3 Adipic Acid (AA) 58
2.3.1 Physicochemical Properties of A A 58
2.3.2 Synthesis Process of AA 60
2.3.3 Downstream Application of A A 64
2.3.4 Status of Development of AA 66
2.4 Bio-based Monomers 68
2.4.1 Lactic Acid (LA) 69
2.4.2 Succinic Acid (SA) 71
2.4.3 Furan-2,5-Dicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) 72
2.4.4 1,3-propanediol (PDO) 73
2.5 Additives 74
2.5.1 Catalyst 74
2.5.2 Thermal Stablizer 76
2.5.3 Branching Agent 78
2.5.4 Chain Extender 78
References 79
3 Synthesis of PBAT Resin 83
3.1 PBAT Synthesis Reaction 83
3.1.1 Esterification Reaction 84
3.1.2 Condensation Reaction 85
3.1.3 Side Reactions 86
3.2 PBAT Synthesis Process Route 89
3.2.1 Esterification Process Route 89
3.2.2 Polycondensation Process Route 92
3.3 PBAT Synthesis Process Control 94
3.3.1 Process Control of Slurry System 95
3.3.2 Process Control of Esterification System 96
3.3.3 Process Control of Polycondensation System 97
3.3.4 Process Control of Other Systems 101
3.3.5 Summary 102
3.4 Domestic and Foreign Production Technology Development Status 103
References 104
4 Structure and Properties of PBAT Resin 107
4.1 Structure of PBAT Resin 107
4.1.1 Chemical Structure of PBAT Resin 108
4.1.2 Crystal Structure of PBAT Resin 110
4.2 General Requirements of PBAT Resin and Its Testing Methods 117
4.2.1 Melt Mass Flow Rate 118
4.2.2 Carboxyl Content 120
4.2.3 Melting Point 123
4.2.4 Color Value 124
4.2.5 Mechanical Properties 126
4.3 PBAT Resin Quality Control Method 131
4.3.1 Control Method of Melt Mass Flow Rate 132
4.3.2 Control Method of Terminal Carboxyl Content 133
4.3.3 Control Method of Melting Point 134
4.3.4 Control Method of Color Value 135
4.3.5 Control Method of Degradation Performance 137
References 138
Classification of Twin-Screw Extruders
The Twin Screw Extruder is Made Parameters of the Twin-Screw Extruder
5 PBAT Plastics 141
5.1 PBAT Plastics Blending with Biomass 142
5.1.1 PBAT/Starch Blending Plastics 142
5.1.2 PBAT/Cellulose Blending Plastics 148
5.1.3 PBAT/Lignin Blending Plastics 153
5.1.4 PBAT/Chitosan Blending Plastics 159
5.1.5 PBAT Plastics Blending with Other Biomass 162
5.2 PBAT Plastics Blending with Inorganic Powders 166
5.2.1 PBAT/Calcium Carbonate Blending Plastics 166
5.2.2 PBAT/Talc Blending Plastics 171
5.2.3 PBAT/Montmorillonite Blending Plastics 175
5.2.4 PBAT/Type Hydrotalcite Blending Plastics 182
5.2.5 PBAT/Nanocarbons Blending Plastics 184
5.3 PBAT Based Alloys 189
5.3.1 PBAT/PLA Alloys 190
5.3.2 PBAT/PBS Alloys 198
5.3.3 PBAT/PHA Alloys 201
5.3.4 PBAT/PCL Alloys 206
5.3.5 PBAT/PGA Alloys 209
5.3.6 PBAT/PPC Alloys 211
5.3.7 Other Alloys with PBAT 213
References 218
6 PBAT Plastics Green Manufacturing 229
6.1 Extruder 231
6.1.1 Classification of Twin-Screw Extruders 231
6.1.2 The Twin Screw Extruder is Made 237
6.1.3 Parameters of the Twin-Screw Extruder 243
6.2 Screw Combination Design of Extruder 249
6.2.1 Introduction of Screw Barrel and Thread Element 250
6.2.2 Extruder Theory 260
6.2.3 Screw Combination Design 266
6.3 Enlarge the Design 271
6.3.1 Process Design Principles 271
6.3.2 PBAT Plastics Manufacturing Line Design 274
6.4 Blend Digital Factory 284
6.4.1 Current Status of Plastics Blend Manufacturing 284
6.4.2 Development Direction of Plastics Blending Industry 285
6.4.3 Advanced Digital Technology for Plastics Blending 286
6.4.4 PBAT Plastics Blend Intelligent Manufacturing Technology 290
References 295
7 PBAT Products 297
7.1 PBAT Molding Process 297
7.1.1 Film Blowing Molding 298
7.1.2 Cast Forming 311
7.1.3 Extrusion Molding 315
7.1.4 Injection Molding 321
7.1.5 Composite Molding 328
7.2 Application of PBAT 333
7.2.1 Application of Membrane Bag 334
7.2.2 Application for Injection Molding 359
7.2.3 Extruding Applications 370
7.2.4 Other Types of Applications 378
References 383
8 Evaluation and Certification of PBAT Biodegradability 387
8.1 Biodegradability of PBAT 387
8.1.1 Biodegradability of PBAT Resin 388
8.1.2 Biodegradability of PBAT Plastics 390
8.2 Evaluation of Biodegradability 391
8.2.1 Test in Compost 392
8.2.2 Test Under Anaerobic Conditions 393
8.2.3 Test in Soil 393
8.2.4 Test in Water 394
8.3 Certification for Biodegradability 394
8.3.1 Main Types of Certifications 394
8.3.2 Common Certification Bodies 395
8.3.3 Basic Certification Process 400
References 401
9 PBAT Life Cycle Evaluation 403
9.1 Origin of Life Cycle Research 404
9.2 Life Cycle Research Methods and Standards 405
9.3 Lifecycle Research Databases and Software 406
9.3.1 Determination of Research Scope and Data Sources 409
9.3.2 LCA Analysis of Industrial PBAT 413
References 415
Appendix A:Common Abbreviations and Codes for Biodegradable Plastics 417
Appendix B:Common Standards for Biodegradable Plastics 419
Appendix C:Authoritative Testing Institution for Biodegradable Plastics 427
Appendix D:Biodegradable Plastics Scale Companies and Product Series 429
Contents
Appendix E:The Origin and Development of Plastics 435
Appendix F:The Origin and Development of Biodegradable Plastics 437
Appendix G:Biodegradable Plastics Family Diagram 439
Appendix H:Biodegradable Plastics “PB” Family Diagram 441