马可·奥勒留（洛布古典丛书）（原文希英对照版） Marcus Aurelius

基本信息

Series:Loeb Classical Library

Format:Hardback 448 pages, Indexes

Publisher:Harvard University Press

Imprint:Harvard University Press

ISBN:9780674990647

Published:31 Jan 1916

Weight:338g

Dimensions:160 x 119 x 31 (mm)

页面参数仅供参考，具体以实物为准

书籍简介

马可·奥勒留（121年4月26日—180年3月17日），全名为马尔克·奥列里乌斯·安东尼·奥古斯都（Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus）。罗马帝国政治家、军事家、哲学家，罗马帝国五贤帝时代的一位皇帝（161年3月8日—180年3月17日在位）。

马可·奥勒留拥有凯撒称号（Imperator Caesar），是罗马帝国伟大的皇帝之一。他是一个很有智慧的君主，也是一个很有造就的思想家，有以希腊文写成的著作《沉思录》传世。在整个西方文明之中，奥勒留也算是一个少见的贤君。他向往和平，却具有非凡的军事领导才干。

在166年，居住在多瑙河以北(波希米亚和摩拉维亚一带)的马科曼尼人和夸德人等日耳曼部落，于166年开始向罗马发动大规模进攻，其先头部队一度冲进北部意大利，罗马当局动员全部力量，甚至将奴隶和角斗士都编入军队，以应付危机。

萨尔马特人也支援日耳曼人，加入对罗马帝国的侵犯，其中擅长冰面骑兵作战的伊阿基格斯人在多瑙河冰封之战被罗马军队打得惨败，从此衰落。

皇帝亲自参加指挥作战，战斗极为酷烈，总算将其驱赶出境，并于175年签订和约。但他们对罗马的威胁依然存在。有些被罗马安置到边界的土地上务农，也有的加入罗马军队辅助作战，使罗马军队的成份开始发生变化。179年马可·奥勒留再次出征马科曼尼人，去世时(180年)战争并未结束。

奥勒留在位的二十年时间，就是在应付这些事件中度过的。但在戎马倥偬之际，奥勒留依然继续他对宇宙人生究竟的思索。《沉思录》的许多篇章，是在刀光剑影的征途上写下的。代表了皇帝在军事行动中独处时的思考。《沉思录》一开始是为他的私人指导和自我告诫而写的，作为一个斯多葛派的哲人，马可·奥勒留也许没有太多可以称得上个人创见的哲学主张，但他是这一哲学的实践者，而不仅仅是一个饶舌的学问家。它是斯多葛主义学生的核心文本，也是对道德生活的个人指导。

Marcus Aurelius (121 180 CE), Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher, born at Rome, received training under his guardian and uncle emperor Antoninus Pius (reigned 138 161), who adopted him. He was converted to Stoicism and henceforward studied and practised philosophy and law. A gentle man, he lived in agreement and collaboration with Antoninus Pius.

He married Pius's daughter and succeeded him as emperor in March 161, sharing some of the burdens with Lucius Verus. Marcus's reign soon saw fearful national disasters from flood, earthquakes, epidemics, threatened revolt (in Britain), a Parthian war, and pressure of barbarians north of the Alps. From 169 onwards he had to struggle hard against the German Quadi, Marcomani, Vandals, and others until success came in 174.

In 175 (when Faustina died) he pacified affairs in Asia after a revolt by Avidius. War with Germans was renewed during which he caught some disease and died by the Danube in March 180. The famous Meditations of Marcus Aurelius (not his title; he simply calls them 'The matters addressed to himself') represents reflections written in periods of solitude during the emperor's military campaigns.

Originally intended for his private guidance and self-admonition, the Meditations has endured as a potent expression of Stoic belief. It is a central text for students of Stoicism as well as a unique personal guide to the moral life.

作者简介

查尔斯·雷金纳德·海因斯（1876-1935）是多佛学院的院长。

Charles Reginald Haines (1876-1935) was Master of Dover College.