启蒙运动的生意《百科全书》出版史(1775-1800)（罗伯特·达恩顿） The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of the Encyclopédie, 1775-1800 (Revised)

基本信息

Format:Paperback / softback 638 pages

Publisher:Harvard University Press

Imprint:Harvard University Press

ISBN:9780674087866

Published:1 Jan 1987

Weight:966g

Dimensions:156 x 236 x 37 (mm)

页面参数仅供参考，具体以实物为准

书籍简介

罗伯特·达恩顿的百科全书史就是这样一个例子。作者探索了法国生活史流派中一些迷人的领域，同时他也追踪了启蒙思想的传播。他关注的是伟大哲学家的思想形式，以及它们在书籍中具体化的过程，以及书籍在出版行业中的制作和发行方式。这是一部大范围的文化史，一部文明发展史。

在追踪狄德罗的《百科全书》的出版过程中，达恩顿使用了新的资料来源——18世纪出版商的论文——这使他能够对一系列长期困扰历史学家的问题做出坚定的回应。他展示了文学的物质基础及其生产技术如何影响思想的实质和传播。他探讨了文学市场的运作，包括出版商、书商、旅行推销员和其他文化交流中介的角色。书中阐述了出版作为一种商业是如何运作的，以及它是如何融入欧洲革命前的政治和经济体系的。因为书籍是手工劳动的产物，是经济交换的对象，是思想的载体，也是政治冲突的因素，所以书籍的制作涉及到如此广泛的活动。

思想在近代早期欧洲的传播方式，启蒙思想在旧政权社会中的渗透程度，以及启蒙运动和法国大革命之间的联系，达恩顿都做了精彩的论述。在这样做的过程中，他发现了一个双重悖论。是社会的上层阶级而不是工业资产阶级或下层阶级先摆脱了古老的信念，接受了启蒙思想。而起初压制这些想法的国家，后来也开始支持这些想法。然而，就在启蒙运动传播和合法化的时刻，法国大革命爆发了，摧毁了启蒙运动赖以兴盛的社会和政治秩序。

在描绘启蒙运动的轮廓时，再也不会不参考这部作品。达恩顿写了一本现代欧洲历史学家不可缺少的书。

Robert Darnton’s history of the Encyclopédie is such an occasion.  The author explores some fascinating territory in the French genre of histoire du livre, and at the same time he tracks the diffusion of Enlightenment ideas.  He is concerned with the form of the thought of the great philosophes as it materialized into books and with the way books were made and distributed in the business of publishing.  This is cultural history on a broad scale, a history of the process of civilization.

In tracing the publishing story of Diderot’s Encyclopédie, Darnton uses new sources―the papers of eighteenth-century publishers―that allow him to respond firmly to a set of problems long vexing historians.  He shows how the material basis of literature and the technology of its production affected the substance and diffusion of ideas.  He explores the workings of the literary market place, including the roles of publishers, book dealers, traveling salesmen, and other intermediaries in cultural communication.  How publishing functioned as a business, and how it fit into the political as well as the economic systems of prerevolutionary Europe are set forth.  The making of books touched on this vast range of activities because books were products of artisanal labor, objects of economic exchange, vehicles of ideas, and elements in political conflict.

The ways ideas traveled in early modern Europe, the level of penetration of Enlightenment ideas in the society of the Old Regime, and the connections between the Enlightenment and the French Revolution are brilliantly treated by Darnton.  In doing so he unearths a double paradox.  It was the upper orders in society rather than the industrial bourgeoisie or the lower classes that first shook off archaic beliefs and took up Enlightenment ideas.  And the state, which initially had suppressed those ideas, ultimately came to favor them.  Yet at this high point in the diffusion and legitimation of the Enlightenment, the French Revolution erupted, destroying the social and political order in which the Enlightenment had flourished.

Never again will the contours of the Enlightenment be drawn without reference to this work.  Darnton has written an indispensable book for historians of modern Europe.

作者简介

罗伯特·达恩顿 (Robert Darnton) 是哈佛大学的卡尔·普福尔茨海默大学 (Carl H. Pforzheimer University) 教授和大学图书馆馆长。

Robert Darnton is Carl H. Pforzheimer University Professor and University Librarian at Harvard University.